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Home / Equine Research Bank / Bull World Health Organ / Serological survey in animals for type A influenza in relati...
Bulletin of the World Health Organization1959; 20(2-3); 465-488;

Serological survey in animals for type A influenza in relation to the 1957 pandemic.

Abstract: In 1957 the World Health Organization arranged a survey of horse and swine sera in a number of countries in order to gain information on the role and importance of animals in the epidemiology of influenza. The veterinary services of the countries concerned were requested to obtain blood specimens from these animals, if possible both before and after the human pandemic of Asian influenza. This paper reports on the results of haemagglutination-inhibition and complement-fixation tests performed on these sera in WHO Influenza Centres and other collaborating laboratories.It is apparent from these results that the Asian (A2) strain can cause natural inapparent infection in horses and swine. Equine influenza caused by the A-equi strain is also present in many countries from which it had not been previously reported, and infection in pigs with the A-swine strain, long known in the USA, has now been recorded in at least two European countries.In a concluding section, the findings in this survey are related to other observations on the position of animals in influenza epidemiology, and future research needs are outlined.
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Publication Date: 1959-01-01 PubMed ID: 13651927PubMed Central: PMC2537753
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study conducted an international survey on horses and swine to understand their role in the spread of influenza, specifically focusing on the 1957 human pandemic of Asian influenza. The results showed that both horses and swine can contract the Asian strain without showing apparent symptoms and contribute to its global spread.

Research Context

  • The research was conducted in 1957 under the patronage of the World Health Organization (WHO).
  • The focus was on understanding the role and significance of animals, especially horses and swine in the spread of influenza.
  • The context of the study revolves around a global outbreak of Asian Influenza which affected humans.
  • The researchers requested the veterinary services of various countries to draw blood specimens from horses and swine, if possible, both before and after the human pandemic.

Methodology

  • Blood samples were examined using haemagglutination-inhibition and complement-fixation tests.
  • This research was carried out not only in WHO Influenza Centres but also in the collaboration with other laboratories across nations.

Findings

  • The research results suggest that horses and swine can be naturally infected with the Asian strain (A2) without obvious symptoms (inapparent infection).
  • The study also unveiled previous unreported instances of horses affected by the A-equi strain of the influenza in many countries.
  • Pigs too showed symptoms of A-swine strain, something that was previously largely reported only in the USA, but is now found in at least two European countries as per this study.

Implications for Future Research

  • The researchers highlight their findings within the larger context of understanding the role of animals in spreading influenza.
  • The paper suggests future research directions, emphasizing the need to further probe into how animals contribute to influenza epidemiology.

Cite This Article

APA
KAPLAN MM, PAYNE AM. (1959). Serological survey in animals for type A influenza in relation to the 1957 pandemic. Bull World Health Organ, 20(2-3), 465-488.

Publication

Bulletin of the World Health Organization
ISSN: 0042-9686
NlmUniqueID: 7507052
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 20
Issue: 2-3
Pages: 465-488

Researcher Affiliations

KAPLAN, M M
    PAYNE, A M

      MeSH Terms

      • Animals
      • Europe
      • Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
      • Horses
      • Humans
      • Influenza, Human / immunology
      • Pandemics
      • Swine

      References

      This article includes 11 references
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      Citations

      This article has been cited 13 times.
      1. Meenan PN, Boyd MR, Mullaney R. Human Influenza Viruses in Domesticated Animals.. Br Med J 1962 Jul 14;2(5297):86-9.
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      2. PAYNE AM. Global epidemiology today.. Yale J Biol Med 1959 Sep;32(1):4-15.
        pubmed: 14431138
      3. VAN HOOSIER GL. Serological characteristics of some 1960 strains of swine influenza virus.. Bull World Health Organ 1962;26(2):304-5.
        pubmed: 14039940
      4. ANANTHANARAYAN R, PANIKER CK. Non-specific inhibitors of influenza viruses in normal sera.. Bull World Health Organ 1960;22(3-4):409-19.
        pubmed: 13793260
      5. Nerome K, Yoshioka Y, Torres CA, Oya A, Bachmann P, Ottis K, Webster RG. Persistence of Q strain of H2N2 influenza virus in avian species: antigenic, biological and genetic analysis of avian and human H2N2 viruses.. Arch Virol 1984;81(3-4):239-50.
        doi: 10.1007/BF01309996pubmed: 6477129google scholar: lookup
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        pubmed: 6256039
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        pubmed: 4542801
      9. Laver WG, Webster RG. Antibodies to human influenzavirus neuraminidase (the A-Asian-57 H2N2 strain) in sera from Australian pelagic birds.. Bull World Health Organ 1972;47(4):535-41.
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      10. Slepuskin AN, Pysina TV, Gonsovsky FK, Sazonov AA, Isacenko VA, Sokolova NN, Polivanov VM, Lvov DK, Zakstel'skaja LJ. Haemagglutination-inhibiting activity to type a influenza viruses in the sera of wild birds from the far east of the USSR.. Bull World Health Organ 1972;47(4):527-30.
        pubmed: 4541006
      11. Kaplan M, Beveridge WI. WHO coordinated research on the role of animals in influenza epidemiology: introduction.. Bull World Health Organ 1972;47(4):439-48.
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      12. Harkness W, Schild GC, Lamont PH, Brand CM. Studies on relationships between human and porcine influenza. 1. Serological evidence of infection in swine in Great Britain with an influenza A virus antigenically like human Hong Kong-68 virus.. Bull World Health Organ 1972;46(6):709-19.
        pubmed: 4538532
      13. Nerome K, Nakayama M, Ishida M, Fukumi H, Butterfield WK, Webster RG, Campbell CH. Isolation and serological characterization of influenza A viruses from birds that were dead on arrival at Tokyo airport.. Arch Virol 1978;57(3):261-70.
        doi: 10.1007/BF01315090pubmed: 678120google scholar: lookup
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