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Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire2007; 71(4); 256-263;

Seroprevalence and risk factors for infection with West Nile virus in Saskatchewan horses, 2003.

Abstract: The primary objectives of this study were to determine the seroprevalence of West Nile virus (WNV) infection of horses in Saskatchewan in 2003 and to identify risk factors for the infection. Blood samples were collected in August and October from 212 horses in 20 herds in 5 geographic zones. After accounting for within-herd clustering, the proportion of horses that had been infected with WNV, as determined by IgG and IgM antibody response, was 55.7% (95% confidence interval, 44.9% to 65.8%). The proportion of antibody-positive horses differed among herds (0% to 100%) and across ecoregions (20% to 76%). Horses in southern ecoregions were more likely to have either IgM antibodies or IgG concentrations suggesting infection than were horses in northern ecoregions. The use of mosquito-control measures was associated with decreased risk. After accounting for ecoregion, there was no difference between recipients of an inactivated WNV vaccine and nonrecipients in the occurrence of antibodies reflecting natural infection. Les objectifs principaux de cette étude étaient de déterminer la séroprévalence de l’infection par le virus du Nil occidental (WNV) en 2003 chez les chevaux de la Saskatchewan et d’identifier les facteurs de risque pour cette infection. Les échantillons de sang ont été prélevés en août et en octobre sur 212 chevaux dans 20 troupeaux dans 5 zones géographiques. Après avoir pris en considération le regroupement intra-troupeau, la proportion de chevaux qui avaient été infectés par le WNV, tel que déterminée par la réponse humorale en IgG et IgM, était de 55,7 % (intervalle de confiance 95 %, 44,9 % à 65,8 %). La proportion de chevaux possédant des anticorps différait parmi les troupeaux (0 % à 100 %) et variait entre les régions (20 % à 76 %). Les chevaux provenant des régions du sud étaient plus susceptibles d’avoir des concentrations d’IgM ou d’IgG suggestives d’une infection que les chevaux dans les régions du nord. L’utilisation de méthodes de réduction des moustiques était associée à un risque réduit. Après avoir pris en considération la région, il n’y avait pas de différence entre le receveur d’un vaccin WNV inactivé et un animal non-vaccciné pour ce qui est de l’occurrence d’anticorps démontrant une infection naturelle. (Traduit par Docteur Serge Messier)
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Publication Date: 2007-10-25 PubMed ID: 17955899PubMed Central: PMC1940272
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research looked into the prevalence and risk factors for infection by West Nile virus (WNV) in horses in Saskatchewan. It found that over half of the horses examined had been infected, with a higher probability in southern regions, while mosquito control seemed to help in reducing the risk.

Overview of Study

  • The study primarily focused on understanding the seroprevalence (the level of a pathogen in a population, as measured in blood serum) of the West Nile virus in horses in Saskatchewan in 2003.
  • Researchers collected blood samples from 212 horses in five geographical zones to study the level of antibodies present, especially IgG and IgM, which are produced in response to a WNV infection.
  • The objective was also to identify the risk factors associated with WNV infection.

Findings

  • Based on IgG and IgM antibody response, the researchers found that 55.7% of the horses had been infected with WNV.
  • The proportion of horses infected varied from 0 to 100% across the herds and 20 to 76% across different ecoregions, suggesting significant geographical variations.
  • Horses in southern ecoregions were more likely to have antibodies suggesting infection than were horses in northern ecoregions. This could be due to the presence and abundance of mosquitoes, which transmit WNV.

Risk Factors and Preventive Measures

  • The use of mosquito-control measures demonstrated a correlation to the reduced risk of WNV infection, highlighting the importance of such preventive practices.
  • However, the study did not observe a significant difference between the horses that received an inactivated WNV vaccine and those that did not, in terms of antibody presence reflecting natural infection. This suggests that vaccination might not be as effective in preventing WNV infections, unlike active mosquito control.

The research provides valuable insights into the prevalence of WNV and its risk factors among horses in Saskatchewan. It calls for further research into effective vaccination and continued focus on mosquito control as a preventive measure.

Cite This Article

APA
Epp T, Waldner C, Leighton FA, Berke O, Townsend HG. (2007). Seroprevalence and risk factors for infection with West Nile virus in Saskatchewan horses, 2003. Can J Vet Res, 71(4), 256-263.

Publication

Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire
ISSN: 0830-9000
NlmUniqueID: 8607793
Country: Canada
Language: English
Volume: 71
Issue: 4
Pages: 256-263

Researcher Affiliations

Epp, Tasha
  • Departments of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4. tasha.epp@usask.ca
Waldner, Cheryl
    Leighton, Fredrick A
      Berke, Olaf
        Townsend, Hugh G G

          MeSH Terms

          • Animals
          • Antibodies, Viral / blood
          • Confidence Intervals
          • Demography
          • Female
          • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
          • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
          • Horses
          • Immunoglobulin G / blood
          • Immunoglobulin M / blood
          • Male
          • Odds Ratio
          • Risk Factors
          • Saskatchewan / epidemiology
          • Seroepidemiologic Studies
          • West Nile Fever / epidemiology
          • West Nile Fever / prevention & control
          • West Nile Fever / veterinary
          • West Nile Virus Vaccines / immunology
          • West Nile virus / immunology

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          Citations

          This article has been cited 1 times.
          1. Epp TY, Waldner C, Berke O. Predictive risk mapping of West Nile virus (WNV) infection in Saskatchewan horses. Can J Vet Res 2011 Jul;75(3):161-70.
            pubmed: 22210991
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