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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Med Int / Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of African Horse Sickness in...
Veterinary medicine international2022; 2022; 2457772; doi: 10.1155/2022/2457772

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of African Horse Sickness in Three Agroecological Zones of Cameroon.

Abstract: African horse sickness (AHS), a highly fatal arbovirosis of equines is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa. However, its epidemiology is poorly known in Cameroon. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence profile and risk factors of African horse sickness in Cameroon. Horse sera were subjected to the ELISA blocking test for the determination of antibodies against African horse sickness virus, and positive samples were submitted to capture ELISA to determine the presence of antigens. Potential risk factors associated with AHS were assessed based on the information collected in the field. The chi-square test and the odd ratio (OR) were used to test the association between serology and the different variables. Of the 336 sera obtained, 198 were positive for antibodies with a prevalence of 58.93% (CI: 53.67-64.19). From the 198 positive sera to antibodies, only one revealed positivity to antigens with a prevalence of 0.51% (CI: 0-1.5). Agroecological zone I (94.31%, CI: 91.83-96.79, OR: 34.92) was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with the higher risk of disease dissemination than agroecological zone II (66.67%, CI: 61.63-71.71, OR: 4.21) and agroecological zone III (32.18%, CI: 27.18-37.18; OR: 1). Males (63.59%, CI: 58.44-68.74, OR: 1) were significantly (p < 0.05) affected than females (50.42%, CI: 45.07-55.77; OR: 0.58). Horses of more than 8 years (76.00%, CI: 71.43-80.57) were significantly (p < 0.05) at risk than young animals of less than 3 years old (32.14%, CI: 27.15-37.13, OR: 0.15). This study highlights a high seroprevalence of antibodies of African horse sickness in Cameroon. Agroecological zone, age, and the importation of horses were highly associated with the distribution of disease at the national level.
Copyright © 2022 Mohamed M. F. Ndebé et al.
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Publication Date: 2022-05-14 PubMed ID: 35607421PubMed Central: PMC9124128DOI: 10.1155/2022/2457772Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The research article investigates the prevalence and risk factors of African horse sickness (AHS) in three agroecological zones within Cameroon. The results indicate a high occurrence of antibodies related to AHS in horse populations, with certain areas, older horses, and imported horses having greater risk.

Methods of Study

  • The study employed serological tests (tests of blood serum) on horses through the use of the ELISA blocking test, which is utilized to detect antibodies against the African horse sickness virus.
  • Positive samples were later analyzed with a capture ELISA to identify the presence of antigens, substances that would indicate an active infection.
  • Risk factors related to AHS were identified based on data collected from horses in the field.
  • The chi-square test and the odd ratio (OR) were applied as statistical tools to ascertain the association between serological results and various defined variables.

Findings of the Study

  • Out of 336 horse sera collected, 198 tested positive for antibodies against AHS. This translates to a prevalence of 58.93%.
  • However, only one sample from the 198 positive antibody results showed presence of antigens, which indicates an active infection. This represents a very low prevalence rate of 0.51%.

Risk Factors

  • The study found that agroecological Zone I had a high risk factor (94.31%, OR: 34.92) for disease dissemination, followed by Zone II (66.67%, OR: 4.21) and Zone III (32.18%, OR: 1).
  • Male horses were more affected (63.59%, OR: 1) than females (50.42%, OR: 0.58).
  • Older horses, specifically those over 8 years old, had a higher risk (76.00%) compared to horses less than 3 years old (32.14%, OR: 0.15).
  • Importation of horses also emerged as a significant risk factor in the spread of the disease.

Conclusions of the Study

The study highlights high seroprevalence, or the level of a pathogen in a population as measured in blood serum, of AHS antibodies in Cameroon, while indicating that the actual active disease incidence might be quite low. It also corroborates the fact that agroecological areas, age of the horses and importation are influential factors for the disease’s distribution on a national scale.

Cite This Article

APA
Ndebé MMF, Mouiche MMM, Moffo F, Poueme RNS, Awah-Ndukum J. (2022). Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of African Horse Sickness in Three Agroecological Zones of Cameroon. Vet Med Int, 2022, 2457772. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2457772

Publication

Veterinary medicine international
ISSN: 2090-8113
NlmUniqueID: 101524203
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 2022
Pages: 2457772

Researcher Affiliations

Ndebé, Mohamed M F
  • Institute of Agricultural Research for Development, Bangangté Polyvalent Station, P.O. Box 222, Bangangté, Cameroon.
  • Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, B.P. 222, Dschang, Cameroon.
Mouiche, Mohamed M M
  • School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon.
Moffo, Frédéric
  • School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon.
Poueme, Rodrigue N S
  • National Veterinary Laboratory, Garoua, Cameroon.
Awah-Ndukum, Julius
  • Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, B.P. 222, Dschang, Cameroon.
  • Department of Animal Production Technology, College of Technology, University of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39, Bambili, Cameroon.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
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