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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Sci / Seroprevalence of Equine Leptospirosis in the State of Goiá...
Veterinary sciences2023; 10(10); 590; doi: 10.3390/vetsci10100590

Seroprevalence of Equine Leptospirosis in the State of Goiás, Brazil.

Abstract: Leptospirosis, caused by Leptospira, is a zoonotic disease that, in horses, is linked to abortions, uveitis, and sporadic occurrences of liver and kidney disease, often resulting in significant economic losses for farmers. Research on the prevalence of leptospirosis in horses in the central-west region of Brazil has been relatively scarce. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence of leptospirosis in equine herds in the state of Goiás (Central Brazil). Blood samples were collected from 894 equids at 294 randomly selected farms divided into three different strata according to their herd characteristics. The microscopic agglutination test for the detection of anti- agglutinins was carried out and the results showed that among the 294 sampled farms, 213 (72.9%; CI 95% 71.7-78.9) had one or more animals positive for leptospirosis, and of the 894 horses sampled, 513 (61.6%; CI 95% 54.3-69.0) were seropositive for leptospirosis. Djasiman, Icterohaemorrhagiae, and Australis were the most prevalent serogroups. The results showed a high prevalence of seropositive animals and a widespread distribution of positive farms in the state of Goiás. Thus, environmental sanitation measures and health education to prevent and control equine leptospirosis in the state are required.
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Publication Date: 2023-09-25 PubMed ID: 37888542PubMed Central: PMC10610622DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10100590Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

Overview

  • This study investigates how common leptospirosis infection is in horses across the state of Goiás in Central Brazil.
  • Researchers found a high prevalence of antibodies against leptospirosis in horses, indicating widespread exposure to the disease in this region.

Background

  • Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira.
  • In horses, leptospirosis can cause reproductive problems such as abortions, eye inflammation (uveitis), and occasionally liver and kidney disease.
  • The disease can lead to significant economic losses for farmers due to decreased horse productivity and health.
  • There had been limited studies on leptospirosis prevalence among horses in Central-West Brazil, especially in Goiás state.

Study Objectives

  • To determine the seroprevalence (presence of antibodies indicating past or current infection) of leptospirosis among equine herds in Goiás.
  • To identify which leptospiral serogroups are most common in this population.
  • To understand the geographic distribution of leptospirosis in this region for improved control measures.

Methods

  • Blood samples were collected from 894 horses across 294 farms, randomly selected to represent a range of herd types.
  • Farms were divided into three strata based on herd characteristics to ensure sampling diversity.
  • The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was used to detect antibodies against multiple leptospira serogroups in the blood samples.
  • Detection of anti-agglutinins via MAT is a standard method to confirm seropositivity to leptospira bacteria.

Results

  • Out of 294 sampled farms, 213 farms (72.9%) had at least one horse testing positive for leptospirosis antibodies, indicating widespread infection among farms.
  • Out of all 894 horses tested, 513 (61.6%) were seropositive, reflecting a high level of exposure in the horse population.
  • The most common leptospira serogroups found were Djasiman, Icterohaemorrhagiae, and Australis.
  • The high seroprevalence suggests that leptospirosis is enzootic, or regularly found, in the region’s equine populations.

Conclusions and Implications

  • Leptospirosis is highly prevalent and widespread among horses in Goiás, Central Brazil.
  • The presence of multiple serogroups indicates diverse sources or species reservoirs of leptospira bacteria contributing to infection risk.
  • There is a critical need for environmental sanitation efforts to reduce bacterial contamination in areas where horses live and graze.
  • Health education targeted at farmers and horse handlers is important to raise awareness of the disease and promote preventive measures.
  • Implementing control strategies can help to reduce economic losses by decreasing the incidence of leptospirosis-associated illness in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Romanowski TNA, Dias RA, Heinemann MB, Carvalho SF, Silva TA, Martins ADS, Caetano GDDC, Ferreira Júnior Á, Santos JPD, Borsanelli AC. (2023). Seroprevalence of Equine Leptospirosis in the State of Goiás, Brazil. Vet Sci, 10(10), 590. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10100590

Publication

Veterinary sciences
ISSN: 2306-7381
NlmUniqueID: 101680127
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 10
Issue: 10
PII: 590

Researcher Affiliations

Romanowski, Tatiana Nunes de Azevedo
  • School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil.
Dias, Ricardo Augusto
  • School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil.
Heinemann, Marcos Bryan
  • School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil.
Carvalho, Stephani Félix
  • School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil.
Silva, Tamires Ataides
  • School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil.
Martins, Andressa da Silva
  • School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil.
Caetano, Geovanna Domingues da Cunha
  • School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil.
Ferreira Júnior, Álvaro
  • School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil.
Santos, Jandra Pacheco Dos
  • Unigoiás, University Center of Goiás, Goiânia 74423-115, GO, Brazil.
Borsanelli, Ana Carolina
  • School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil.

Grant Funding

  • Not applicable / Goiás Agricultural Defense Agency

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
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  2. Azócar-Aedo L, Meniconi G, Pino-Olguín C, Gallardo M. Seropositivity for Pathogenic Leptospira in Dogs, Cats, and Horses at a Teaching Veterinary Hospital in Southern Chile.. Trop Med Infect Dis 2025 Sep 3;10(9).
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