Seroprevalence of Trypanosoma evansi Infection in Equines of North and North Western States of India.
Abstract: Trypanosomosis caused by Trypanosoma evansi, commonly known as "surra," is a wasting disease affecting equids, camels, cattle, as well as several other domestic and wild animals. No systematic information is available on disease pattern in equines for development of control and treatment strategies in endemic areas in India. The present study was undertaken with a comprehensive plan to screen large population of equines using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to obtain epidemiological information on "surra" in different agro-climatic zones of India. A total of 6455 serum samples were tested, of them 338 (5.24%) were found positive for T. evansi antibodies during the years 2011-2012 to 2014-2015. The highest prevalence (9.75%) was recorded from Gangetic plains of Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh, while western dry region (Rajasthan) recorded the lowest (2.85%) prevalence rate. This study showed serological evidence of T. evansi infection in equines at a low prevalence rate, but the highest prevalence rate during the study was witnessed during 2011-2012. The disease was found prevalent throughout the year in different seasons with sporadic outbreaks in equines. However, higher prevalence was observed in postmonsoon season (September to November) and the lowest during winter season (December to February). Furthermore, no significant difference in disease prevalence was observed sex and species wise.
Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2019-05-24 PubMed ID: 31405503DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.05.019Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Diagnosis
- Disease control
- Disease Diagnosis
- Disease Etiology
- Disease Management
- Disease Outbreaks
- Disease Prevalence
- Disease Surveillance
- Disease Treatment
- Epidemiology
- Equine Diseases
- Equine Health
- Horses
- Infection
- Infectious Disease
- Seroprevalence
- Veterinary Care
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Research
- Veterinary Science
Summary
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The study focuses on the disease ‘surra’, caused by Trypanosoma evansi, in equines across different regions of India, particularly in the northern and north-western states. It aims to provide epidemiological information on the disease prevalence in order to facilitate the development of control and treatment strategies.
Research Overview
The researchers collected a comprehensive batch of 6455 serum samples from equines in different regions of the country over the span of four years (2011-2015). They tested these samples for T. evansi antibodies using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a common method employed to detect signs of infection in the body.
Findings
- The research showed that out of the total samples, 338 (5.24%) were positive for T. evansi antibodies. This indicates that about 5.24% of the equines sampled were affected by surra, highlighting the prevalence of the disease.
- The highest prevalence of the disease (9.75%) was observed in the Gangetic plains of Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. In contrast, the western dry region, Rajasthan, displayed the lowest prevalence rate of 2.85%.
- Analysis of the results over the course of the four years showed that the highest prevalence rate was witnessed in 2011-2012. This could suggest possible changes in factors affecting the disease’s propagation over time.
Disease Pattern
- The research also revealed the disease to have been prevalent throughout all the seasons, with sporadic outbreaks among equines. Nonetheless, the postmonsoon season (September to November) recorded the highest prevalence, while winter (December to February) registered the lowest.
- Lastly, the research found no significant difference in the prevalence of the disease according to sex or species of the equines.
Implications
The study serves as an essential resource in the ongoing fight against surra. With information on the disease’s pattern and prevalence in India’s varying agro-climatic zones, it could help inform and direct the development of effective control and treatment strategies.
Cite This Article
APA
Yadav SC, Kumar P, Khurana S, Kumar R.
(2019).
Seroprevalence of Trypanosoma evansi Infection in Equines of North and North Western States of India.
J Equine Vet Sci, 79, 63-67.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2019.05.019 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana, India. Electronic address: yadavsc@rediffmail.com.
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana, India.
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, India.
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana, India.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Cattle
- Equidae
- Horses
- India
- Seroepidemiologic Studies
- Trypanosoma
- Trypanosomiasis / veterinary
Citations
This article has been cited 4 times.- Gupta S, Vohra S, Sethi K, Gupta S, Bera BC, Kumar S, Kumar R. In vitro anti-trypanosomal effect of ivermectin on Trypanosoma evansi by targeting multiple metabolic pathways. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022 Jul 22;54(4):240.
- Bhutia WD, Gupta S, Rani R, Batra K, Sethi K, Kumar S, Kumar R. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of kinase and protease inhibitors against Trypanosoma evansi. Vet Res Commun 2023 Jun;47(2):473-485.
- Sharma D, Gupta S, Sethi K, Kumar S, Kumar R. Seroprevalence and immunological characterization of Trypanosoma evansi infection in livestock of four agro-climatic zones of Himachal Pradesh, India. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022 Jan 15;54(1):60.
- Raftery AG, Gummery L, Garcia K, Mohite D, Capewell P, Sutton DGM. Equine trypanosomiasis, a systematic review and meta-analyses: Prevalence, morbidity and mortality. Equine Vet J 2026 Mar;58(2):291-319.
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