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Journal of veterinary science2011; 12(4); 341-345; doi: 10.4142/jvs.2011.12.4.341

Serosurveillance for Japanese encephalitis virus infection among equines in India.

Abstract: The seroprevalence of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) among equines was evaluated from January 2006 to December 2009 in 13 different states of India by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and virus neutralization test (VNT). Antibodies against JEV were detected in 327 out of 3,286 (10%) equines with a maximum prevalence reported in the state of Manipur (91.7%) followed by Gujarat (18.5%), Madhya Pradesh (14.4%), and Uttar Pradesh (11.6%). Evidence of JEV infection was observed in equines in Indore (Madhya Pradesh) where a 4-fold or higher rise in antibody titer was observed in 21 out of 34 horses in November 2007 to October 2006. In March 2008, seven of these horses had a subsequent 4-fold rise in JEV antibody titers while this titer decreased in nine animals. JEV-positive horse sera had a JEV/WNV (West Nile virus) ratio over 2.0 according to the HI and/or VNT. These results indicated that JEV is endemic among equines in India.
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Publication Date: 2011-11-30 PubMed ID: 22122900PubMed Central: PMC3232393DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2011.12.4.341Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article describes a study conducted from 2006 to 2009 on the prevalence of the Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) in equines (horses and related animals) across 13 states in India. The tests reveal that roughly 10% of the tested equines carry antibodies against the virus, suggesting the virus is endemic in Indian equines.

Objective and Methodology

  • The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of the Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) among different equine populations in 13 states across India.
  • This serosurveillance was carried out over the course of four years, from 2006 to 2009.
  • The researchers performed two distinct tests to determine the presence of JEV: the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and the virus neutralization test (VNT).

Results

  • In total, 327 out of 3,286 tested equines, representing 10% of the population, were found to have antibodies against JEV. These antibodies indicate previous exposure to the virus.
  • The highest prevalence of JEV among equines was reported in the state of Manipur, at 91.7%, followed by Gujarat at 18.5%, Madhya Pradesh at 14.4%, and Uttar Pradesh at 11.6%.
  • In the state of Madhya Pradesh, an increased antibody titer, indicating a more robust immune response, was observed in 21 of 34 horses from November 2006 to October 2007. In March 2008, a subsequent 4-fold rise in JEV antibody titers was observed in seven of these horses, while the titer decreased in nine animals.
  • Test results also showed that the JEV-positive equine sera had a JEV/WNV ratio more significant than 2.0. This ratio shows that JEV infection is more common among equines than West Nile Virus, another flavivirus.

Conclusions

  • The study concludes that the Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) is endemic among equine populations in India, based on the presence of antibodies in the tested animals.
  • The high prevalence of antibodies in certain regions suggests that these areas may have higher rates of JEV transmission in equines.
  • Further investigations are needed to determine the implications of this endemic presence of JEV in equines, and its potential impact on public health, considering that the virus can spread to humans through mosquito vectors.

Cite This Article

APA
Gulati BR, Singha H, Singh BK, Virmani N, Khurana SK, Singh RK. (2011). Serosurveillance for Japanese encephalitis virus infection among equines in India. J Vet Sci, 12(4), 341-345. https://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2011.12.4.341

Publication

Journal of veterinary science
ISSN: 1976-555X
NlmUniqueID: 100964185
Country: Korea (South)
Language: English
Volume: 12
Issue: 4
Pages: 341-345

Researcher Affiliations

Gulati, Baldev R
  • National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar-125001, Haryana, India. brgulati@gmail.com
Singha, Harisankar
    Singh, Birendra K
      Virmani, Nitin
        Khurana, Sandip K
          Singh, Raj K

            MeSH Terms

            • Animals
            • Encephalitis, Japanese / blood
            • Encephalitis, Japanese / epidemiology
            • Encephalitis, Japanese / veterinary
            • Equidae
            • India / epidemiology
            • Neutralization Tests
            • Seroepidemiologic Studies
            • Time Factors

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            Citations

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