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Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]2020; 52(1); 411-418; doi: 10.1007/s42770-020-00393-z

Serosurvey of West Nile virus (WNV) in free-ranging raptors from Brazil.

Abstract: West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne Flavivirus that can affect birds, horses, and humans, and is the only zoonotic Flavivirus that has been identified in six continents. In Brazil, until 2010, there was no evidence of WNV circulation. Recently, the virus was isolated from a horse with encephalitis, and the first human cases were registered in Brazil. Despite that, there is still no information on the enzootic cycle of this virus in birds or wildlife. This study aimed to investigate whether there is evidence of WNV circulation among wild birds from Southern Brazil. For this, we used free-living wild raptors (live-trapped or rescued) as potential sentinels to investigate the presence of WNV antibodies using ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) assay. In addition, the presence of nucleic acids from Flavivirus family members was investigated. None of the birds sampled presented clinical findings compatible with WNV. Of the 200 serum samples from birds of prey belonging to 21 species, ten (5%) were positive for the presence of WNV antibodies on ELISA testing. The PRNT test did not confirm the ELISA results, but indicated that three birds had possibly been exposed to Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV). All samples were negative for Flavivirus RNA. The results presented here evince the need for permanent surveillance for emerging flaviviruses in Brazil, as well as for a contingency policy in the case of human/animal outbreaks, particularly in high-risk areas.
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Publication Date: 2020-10-27 PubMed ID: 33108590PubMed Central: PMC7966667DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00393-zGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article reports a study conducted in southern Brazil to identify if there’s evidence of the West Nile Virus (WNV), a mosquito-borne virus capable of infecting birds, horses, and humans, circulating among wild birds. Researchers used various tests on 200 samples from birds of prey, and although none exhibited clinical signs of WNV, ten tested positive for WNV antibodies through ELISA testing.

Research Objective

  • The primary aim of this research was to probe for the presence and circulation of West Nile Virus among wild birds in Southern Brazil. The researchers utilized free-living raptors as sentinels in this study. Raptors, due to their diet of other animals, can be an indicator of the presence of the virus.

Research Methods

  • These raptors were live-trapped or rescued, and their blood samples were collected and analyzed for the presence of WNV antibodies using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and the Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT).
  • The researchers also examined these samples for the presence of nucleic acids from any members of the Flavivirus family.

Research Findings

  • None of the birds showed any clinical symptoms that could be associated with WNV.
  • Out of 200 samples taken from birds belonging to 21 different species, ten were positive for WNV antibodies in the ELISA test, equating to a 5% presence of WNV antibodies.
  • The PRNT, however, did not align with the ELISA results, instead indicating that three birds may have been exposed to another virus, Saint Louis Encephalitis Virus (SLEV).
  • Results for the presence of Flavivirus RNA in the samples were all negative.

Importance of the Research

  • This research highlights the necessity for ongoing monitoring for emerging flaviviruses in Brazil. The presence of WNV antibodies in a small percentage of the bird population serves as an indicator for potential future outbreaks in humans and animals.
  • The study also advocates for the development of contingency plans to handle potential human/animal outbreaks, especially in areas with high risk.

Cite This Article

APA
Morel AP, Webster A, Zitelli LC, Umeno K, Souza UA, Prusch F, Anicet M, Marsicano G, Bandarra P, Trainini G, Stocker J, Giani D, Fortes FB, Goenaga S, Reck J. (2020). Serosurvey of West Nile virus (WNV) in free-ranging raptors from Brazil. Braz J Microbiol, 52(1), 411-418. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-020-00393-z

Publication

Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]
ISSN: 1678-4405
NlmUniqueID: 101095924
Country: Brazil
Language: English
Volume: 52
Issue: 1
Pages: 411-418

Researcher Affiliations

Morel, Ana Paula
  • Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil. apmvet@gmail.com.
Webster, Anelise
  • Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil.
Zitelli, Larissa Calo
  • Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil.
Umeno, Karen
  • Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil.
Souza, Ugo Araújo
  • Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil.
Prusch, Fabiane
  • Clinica Veterinária Toca dos Bichos, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Anicet, Marina
  • Clinica Veterinária Toca dos Bichos, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Marsicano, Gleide
  • Clinica Veterinária Toca dos Bichos, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Bandarra, Paulo
  • Nucleo de Reabilitação da Fauna Silvestre-UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
Trainini, Gustavo
  • Hayabusa Consultoria Ambiental, São Francisco de Paula, RS, Brazil.
Stocker, Julian
  • Hayabusa Consultoria Ambiental, São Francisco de Paula, RS, Brazil.
Giani, Denise
  • Hayabusa Consultoria Ambiental, São Francisco de Paula, RS, Brazil.
Fortes, Flávia Borges
  • Programa Estadual de Sanidade Avícola (PESA), Secretaria da Agricultura Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural (SEAPDR), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Goenaga, Silvina
  • Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Virales Humanas (INEVH), Pergamino, Argentina.
Reck, José
  • Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil. jose.reck@gmail.com.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Animals, Wild / immunology
  • Animals, Wild / virology
  • Antibodies, Viral / blood
  • Bird Diseases / epidemiology
  • Bird Diseases / transmission
  • Bird Diseases / virology
  • Brazil
  • Flavivirus / classification
  • Flavivirus / immunology
  • Flavivirus / isolation & purification
  • Humans
  • Raptors / immunology
  • Raptors / virology
  • Seroepidemiologic Studies
  • West Nile Fever / epidemiology
  • West Nile Fever / veterinary
  • West Nile virus / genetics
  • West Nile virus / immunology
  • West Nile virus / isolation & purification

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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