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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Med Microbiol / Serum antibodies to West Nile virus in naturally exposed and...
Journal of medical microbiology2008; 57(Pt 9); 1087-1093; doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.47849-0

Serum antibodies to West Nile virus in naturally exposed and vaccinated horses.

Abstract: A polyvalent ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs) were used to measure serum antibodies to West Nile virus (WNV) in horses naturally exposed to or vaccinated against this flavivirus in Connecticut and New York State, USA. Relying on a PRNT as a 'gold standard', the main objective was to validate a modified ELISA containing a recombinant WNV envelope protein antigen. It was also important to assess specificity by testing sera from horses that had other, undiagnosed illnesses. Sera for the latter study were obtained from 43 privately owned horses during 1995-1996. Analyses by an ELISA and a PRNT confirmed the presence of WNV antibodies in 21 (91%) of 23 sera from naturally exposed horses and in 85% of the 20 vaccinated subjects; overall results for both study groups were highly concordant (91% agreement). Humoral responses of naturally exposed and immunized horses were similar. Both serological tests were useful in confirming past infections with WNV, but there was no evidence that horses with undiagnosed illnesses were exposed to WNV prior to a 1999 outbreak in Connecticut, USA.
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Publication Date: 2008-08-23 PubMed ID: 18719177PubMed Central: PMC2562728DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.47849-0Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • N.I.H.
  • Extramural
  • Research Support
  • U.S. Gov't
  • Non-P.H.S.
  • Validation Study

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article investigates the presence of the West Nile virus (WNV) antibodies in horses through two types of tests, a polyvalent ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs), focusing on both naturally exposed and vaccinated horses in the USA.

Research Methodology

  • The researchers conducted their study by implementing two types of tests for horses – a polyvalent ELISA, a laboratory test that measures the amount of antibodies in the animal’s blood, and Plaque Reduction Neutralization Tests (PRNTs), which measure the ability of an animal’s immune system to neutralize a virus.
  • These tests were focused on both categories of horses — those naturally exposed to the virus in the environment and those vaccinated against the virus.
  • The experiment was conducted in Connecticut and New York State, USA, where the West Nile Virus is prevalent.
  • In addition, they also tested the sera (part of the blood) from horses with undiagnosed illnesses to assess the test’s specificity.

Main Findings

  • The results from the ELISA and PRNT tests confirmed the presence of WNV antibodies in 91% of the 23 naturally exposed horses’ sera and in 85% of the 20 vaccinated horses.
  • The researchers found a high level of agreement between the results of these two tests. The overall concordance rate of results from both experimental groups was around 91%.
  • The antibody or humoral responses from the naturally exposed and vaccinated horses observed were found to be strikingly similar.

Significance of the Research

  • This research validates the use of a modified ELISA test that contains a recombinant WNV envelope protein antigen for an accurate diagnosis of WNV infections in horses.
  • The findings confirm the effectiveness of both ELISA and PRNT tests in identifying past infections with WNV in horses.
  • This research provides no evidence that horses with undiagnosed illnesses were exposed to the WNV prior to a 1999 outbreak in Connecticut, further clarifying the chronology of WNV exposure among horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Magnarelli LA, Bushmich SL, Anderson JF, Ledizet M, Koski RA. (2008). Serum antibodies to West Nile virus in naturally exposed and vaccinated horses. J Med Microbiol, 57(Pt 9), 1087-1093. https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.47849-0

Publication

Journal of medical microbiology
ISSN: 0022-2615
NlmUniqueID: 0224131
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 57
Issue: Pt 9
Pages: 1087-1093

Researcher Affiliations

Magnarelli, Louis A
  • Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06504, USA.
Bushmich, Sandra L
  • Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
Anderson, John F
  • Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06504, USA.
Ledizet, Michel
  • L2 Diagnostics, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
Koski, Raymond A
  • L2 Diagnostics, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Viral / biosynthesis
  • Antibodies, Viral / blood
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / standards
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / veterinary
  • Horse Diseases / blood
  • Horse Diseases / immunology
  • Horses
  • Neutralization Tests / standards
  • Neutralization Tests / veterinary
  • Viral Vaccines / immunology
  • West Nile Fever / blood
  • West Nile Fever / immunology
  • West Nile Fever / veterinary
  • West Nile virus / immunology

Grant Funding

  • R44 AI049646 / NIAID NIH HHS
  • R44 AI049646-03 / NIAID NIH HHS
  • R44 AI 49646 / NIAID NIH HHS

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Katz D, Shi W, Patrusheva I, Perelygina L, Gowda MS, Krug PW, Filfili CN, Ward JA, Hilliard JK. An automated ELISA using recombinant antigens for serologic diagnosis of B virus infections in macaques. Comp Med 2012 Dec;62(6):527-34.
    pubmed: 23561887
  2. Li S, Fang M, Zhou B, Ni H, Shen Q, Zhang H, Han Y, Yin J, Chang W, Xu G, Cao G. Simultaneous detection and differentiation of dengue virus serotypes 1-4, Japanese encephalitis virus, and West Nile virus by a combined reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. Virol J 2011 Jul 21;8:360.
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