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American journal of veterinary research1991; 52(10); 1565-1569;

Serum tumor necrosis factor activity in horses with colic attributable to gastrointestinal tract disease.

Abstract: Over a 24-month period, serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF) activity was determined in 289 horses with colic attributable to gastrointestinal tract disease. Serum TNF activity was quantitated by use of a modified in vitro cytotoxicity bioassay, using WEHI 164 clone-13 murine fibrosarcoma cells. Causes for colic, determined by clinical and laboratory evaluation, exploratory celiotomy, or necropsy included: gastrointestinal tract rupture (GTR); ileal impaction; small intestinal strangulating obstruction (SIO); proximal enteritis (PE); transient small intestinal distention; large-colon displacement; large-colon volvulus; large-colon impaction; colitis; small-colon obstruction; peritonitis; and unknown. Each diagnosis was placed into 1 of 3 lesion categories: inflammatory disorders (GTR, PE, colitis, peritonitis); strangulating intestinal obstruction (SIO, large-colon volvulus); and nonstrangulating intestinal obstruction (ileal impaction, transient small intestinal distension, large-colon displacement, large-colon impaction, small-colon obstruction, unknown). The prevalence of high serum TNF activity and/or mortality were evaluated. Differences were tested at significance level of P less than 0.05. Approximately 20% of the 289 horses has serum TNF activity greater than that found in clinically normal horses (greater than 2.5 U/ml). Twenty-three horses (8%) had marked increase in serum TNF activity (greater than or equal to 10 U/ml) which was more prevalent among horses with SIO and PE than in horses of other diagnostic groups, except those with GTR. Mortality and marked increase in serum TNF activity were greater in horses with intestinal inflammatory disorders or strangulating intestinal obstruction than in horses with nonstrangulating intestinal obstruction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Publication Date: 1991-10-01 PubMed ID: 1767972
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support
  • U.S. Gov't
  • Non-P.H.S.

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research focuses on measuring and analyzing the activity of serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in 289 horses suffering from colic due to gastrointestinal disorders. The study found that about 20% of the horses had higher TNF activity than healthy horses, and such increased activity, particularly, was most common in horses with small intestinal strangulating obstruction (SIO) and proximal enteritis (PE).

Research Methodology

  • The researchers measured serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF) activity over a 24-month period in 289 horses diagnosed with colic due to gastrointestinal tract diseases.
  • The measurement of serum TNF activity was done through a modified in vitro cytotoxicity bioassay using WEHI 164 clone-13 murine fibrosarcoma cells.
  • The study participants were diagnosed using clinical and laboratory evaluation, exploratory celiotomy, or necropsy. The causes of colic identified were varied, including gastrointestinal tract rupture (GTR), ileal impaction, small intestinal strangulating obstruction (SIO), proximal enteritis (PE), transient small intestinal distention, among others.

Classification and Evaluation

  • The individual diagnoses were grouped into three categories: inflammatory disorders, strangulating intestinal obstruction, and nonstrangulating intestinal obstruction.
  • The prevalence of high serum TNF activity and mortality were calculated and evaluated across these categories. Differences were deemed significant if the P-value was less than 0.05.

Key Findings

  • Approximately 20% of the 289 horses presented serum TNF activity greater than what was found in clinically healthy horses, specifically, above 2.5 U/ml.
  • 23 horses (roughly 8%) manifested a significant increase in serum TNF activity (at least 10 U/ml). This increase was most common among horses with SIO and PE than in those from the other diagnostic groups, except for cases of GTR.
  • The rates of mortality along with marked increase in serum TNF activity were observed more in horses with intestinal inflammatory disorders or strangulating intestinal obstruction than in those with nonstrangulating intestinal obstruction.

Cite This Article

APA
Morris DD, Moore JN, Crowe N. (1991). Serum tumor necrosis factor activity in horses with colic attributable to gastrointestinal tract disease. Am J Vet Res, 52(10), 1565-1569.

Publication

American journal of veterinary research
ISSN: 0002-9645
NlmUniqueID: 0375011
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 52
Issue: 10
Pages: 1565-1569

Researcher Affiliations

Morris, D D
  • Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens 30602.
Moore, J N
    Crowe, N

      MeSH Terms

      • Animals
      • Colic / blood
      • Colic / etiology
      • Colic / veterinary
      • Female
      • Gastrointestinal Diseases / blood
      • Gastrointestinal Diseases / complications
      • Gastrointestinal Diseases / veterinary
      • Horse Diseases / blood
      • Horse Diseases / etiology
      • Horses
      • Male
      • Prognosis
      • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / analysis

      Citations

      This article has been cited 11 times.
      1. Urayama S, Muko R, Muranaka M, Mita H, Ohta M, Matsuda H, Tanaka A. Differential effects of flunixin meglumine and meloxicam on TNF- α production in LPS-stimulated equine neutrophils in vitro. Vet Anim Sci 2025 Dec;30:100513.
        doi: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100513pubmed: 41078983google scholar: lookup
      2. Hobbs KJ, Bayless R, Sheats MK. A Comparative Review of Cytokines and Cytokine Targeting in Sepsis: From Humans to Horses. Cells 2024 Sep 5;13(17).
        doi: 10.3390/cells13171489pubmed: 39273060google scholar: lookup
      3. Hajimohammadi A, Ghane M, Ghari Tehrani M, Paravar B, Mirzaei A, Razavi S, Nikzad M. Association of the severity of colic in horses with oxidative stress biomarkers, acute-phase proteins, and certain trace elements. J Equine Sci 2023 Sep;34(3):73-81.
        doi: 10.1294/jes.34.73pubmed: 37781567google scholar: lookup
      4. Mercer MA, Davis JL, McKenzie HC. The Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Evaluation of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Adult Horses. Animals (Basel) 2023 May 10;13(10).
        doi: 10.3390/ani13101597pubmed: 37238029google scholar: lookup
      5. Ludwig EK, Hobbs KJ, McKinney-Aguirre CA, Gonzalez LM. Biomarkers of Intestinal Injury in Colic. Animals (Basel) 2023 Jan 7;13(2).
        doi: 10.3390/ani13020227pubmed: 36670767google scholar: lookup
      6. Gugliandolo E, Crupi R, Biondi V, Licata P, Cuzzocrea S, Passantino A. Protective Effect of Silibinin on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Equine Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells, an In Vitro Study. Animals (Basel) 2020 Nov 3;10(11).
        doi: 10.3390/ani10112022pubmed: 33153060google scholar: lookup
      7. Gehlen H, Faust MD, Grzeskowiak RM, Trachsel DS. Association Between Disease Severity, Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and Serum Cortisol Concentrations in Horses with Acute Abdominal Pain. Animals (Basel) 2020 Sep 2;10(9).
        doi: 10.3390/ani10091563pubmed: 32887514google scholar: lookup
      8. Sheats MK. A Comparative Review of Equine SIRS, Sepsis, and Neutrophils. Front Vet Sci 2019;6:69.
        doi: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00069pubmed: 30931316google scholar: lookup
      9. Rütten S, Schusser GF, Abraham G, Schrödl W. Release kinetics of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in the equine whole blood. BMC Vet Res 2016 Jun 17;12(1):117.
        doi: 10.1186/s12917-016-0742-4pubmed: 27316332google scholar: lookup
      10. Bauquier JR, Forbes G, Nath L, Tudor E, Bailey SR. Plasma HMGB-1 and Nucleosome Concentrations in Horses with Colic and Healthy Horses. J Vet Intern Med 2016 Jan-Feb;30(1):260-8.
        doi: 10.1111/jvim.13811pubmed: 26683003google scholar: lookup
      11. Morris DD, Crowe N, Moore JN. Reduced endotoxin-induced production of tumor necrosis factor activity by equine peritoneal macrophages exposed to the dual inhibitor of arachidonic acid metabolism, SK & F 86002. Can J Vet Res 1992 Apr;56(2):110-4.
        pubmed: 1591653
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