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Toxins2023; 15(6); 401; doi: 10.3390/toxins15060401

Simultaneous Determination of Pyrethrins, Pyrethroids, and Piperonyl Butoxide in Animal Feeds by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

Abstract: The presence of insecticides like pyrethrins and synthetic pyrethroids, combined with the synergist piperonyl butoxide, in animal feeds can pose a risk to both animal and human health by contaminating the food chain. In this study, a simple and fast method was developed for the simultaneous determination of these compounds in contaminated animal feeds using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Sample preparation was carried out using a QuEChERS-based approach, and the method was validated with acceptable accuracy ranging from 84 to 115% and precision below 10%. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were between 0.15 and 3 and 1 and 10 µg/kg, respectively. The method detected insecticide contaminations in various livestock and poultry feeds. Furthermore, the method was applied to a toxicology case, where it identified and quantified piperonyl butoxide and deltamethrin in the submitted horse feed sample. These results demonstrate that the method can be a valuable tool in animal health and food safety diagnostic applications, as well as veterinary toxicology investigations concerning pyrethrin-related feed contamination.
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Publication Date: 2023-06-17 PubMed ID: 37368701PubMed Central: PMC10305105DOI: 10.3390/toxins15060401Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study focuses on the development of a fast and simple technique to simultaneously detect the presence of insecticides, particularly pyrethrins and synthetic pyrethroids, along with piperonyl butoxide in animal feeds. The researchers used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to validate the method and manage to identify these substances in various livestock feeds.

Method Development and Validation

  • The method used for this research combined liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with a QuEChERS-based approach to sample preparation. This technique allows for the fast simultaneous detection of pyrethrins, synthetic pyrethroids and piperonyl butoxide in animal feeds.
  • The researchers validated the method and reported its accuracy to range from 84 to 115%, showing a good level of precision as being below 10%. This means that the method is reliable and could repeatedly produce consistent results.

Detection and Quantification

  • The lower limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were found to be between 0.15 and 3 and 1 and 10 µg/kg, respectively. These numbers signify the smallest amount of the substances that could be reliably detected and quantified by the method, which are quite low amounts, affirming the sensitivity of the method.
  • The method was then used to detect insecticide contaminations in various livestock and poultry feeds. The successful detection in different feed types shows that the method is versatile and useful for a broad range of animal feeds.

Application to Veterinary Toxicology

  • The newly-developed method was also applied to a real-world toxicology case to detect the presence of piperonyl butoxide and deltamethrin in a horse feed sample. This illustrates that the method can be useful not only in laboratory settings but also in practical cases for identifying harmful substances.
  • The findings of this study contribute to safeguarding both animal and human health, as the contamination of animal feeds can indirectly affect humans via the food chain. The researchers suggest that this method would be valuable for animal health and food safety diagnostics, and especially useful for veterinary toxicology investigations related to feed contamination.

Cite This Article

APA
Xu X, Murphy LA. (2023). Simultaneous Determination of Pyrethrins, Pyrethroids, and Piperonyl Butoxide in Animal Feeds by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Toxins (Basel), 15(6), 401. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15060401

Publication

Toxins
ISSN: 2072-6651
NlmUniqueID: 101530765
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 15
Issue: 6
PII: 401

Researcher Affiliations

Xu, Xin
  • Pennsylvania Animal Diagnostic Laboratory System Toxicology Laboratory, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 382 W Street Rd., Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA.
Murphy, Lisa A
  • Pennsylvania Animal Diagnostic Laboratory System Toxicology Laboratory, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 382 W Street Rd., Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Humans
  • Animals
  • Horses
  • Pyrethrins / analysis
  • Piperonyl Butoxide / analysis
  • Chromatography, Liquid / methods
  • Tandem Mass Spectrometry / methods
  • Insecticides
  • Animal Feed / analysis

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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