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Annals of biomedical engineering2022; 50(12); 1787-1797; doi: 10.1007/s10439-022-02991-4

Site- and Zone-Dependent Changes in Proteoglycan Content and Biomechanical Properties of Bluntly and Sharply Grooved Equine Articular Cartilage.

Abstract: In this study, we mapped and quantified changes of proteoglycan (PG) content and biomechanical properties in articular cartilage in which either blunt or sharp grooves had been made, both close to the groove and more remote of it, and at the opposing joint surface (kissing site) in equine carpal joints. In nine adult Shetland ponies, standardized blunt and sharp grooves were surgically made in the radiocarpal and middle carpal joints of a randomly chosen front limb. The contralateral control limb was sham-operated. At 39 weeks after surgery, ponies were euthanized. In 10 regions of interest (ROIs) (six remote from the grooves and four directly around the grooves), PG content as a function of tissue-depth and distance-to-groove was estimated using digital densitometry. Biomechanical properties of the cartilage were evaluated in the six ROIs remote from the grooves. Compared to control joints, whole tissue depth PG loss was found in sites adjacent to sharp and, to a larger extent, blunt grooves. Also, superficial PG loss of the surgically untouched kissing cartilage layers was observed. Significant PG loss was observed up to 300 µm (sharp) and at 500 µm (blunt) from the groove into the surrounding tissue. Equilibrium modulus was lower in grooved cartilage than in controls. Grooves, in particular blunt grooves, gave rise to severe PG loss close to the grooved sites and to mild degeneration more remote from the grooves in both sharply and bluntly grooved cartilage and at the kissing sites, resulting in loss of mechanical strength over the 9-month period.
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Publication Date: 2022-06-26 PubMed ID: 35754073PubMed Central: PMC9794534DOI: 10.1007/s10439-022-02991-4Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article primarily investigates the changes in the proteoglycan (PG) content and biomechanical properties of articular cartilage which had either blunt or sharp grooves, in equine carpal joints. The researchers found that these grooves, especially blunt ones, caused significant PG loss near the grooved areas, mild degeneration distanced from the grooves and decreased mechanical strength over a 9-month period.

Research Methodology

  • The research was conducted on nine adult Shetland ponies where standardized blunt and sharp grooves were surgically made in the radiocarpal and middle carpal joints of a chosen front limb. The opposite limb served as a control and was sham-operated.
  • These ponies were euthanized 39 weeks post-surgery for further analysis.
  • The researchers identified 10 regions of interest (ROIs), including six remote from the grooves and four directly around the grooves.
  • They estimated PG content in these areas in relation to tissue-depth and distance-to-groove using digital densitometry, a technique used for quantifying the density of tissues.
  • The biomechanical properties of the cartilage were evaluated in the six remote ROIs.

Research Findings

  • The researchers observed a loss of whole tissue depth PG at sites next to sharp and, to a larger extent, blunt grooves, compared to control joints.
  • Surface PG loss in the surgically untouched areas of kissing cartilage layers (the opposing joint surface that comes into contact with the grooved cartilage) was also detected.
  • There was a notable PG loss up to 300 µm (sharp) and at 500 µm (blunt) from the groove into the surrounding tissue.
  • The equilibrium modulus, a measure of a tissue’s resistance to being deformed elastically when a stress is applied to it, was lower in grooved cartilage than in controls.
  • Blunt grooves, in particular, led to severe PG loss near the groove sites and mild degeneration further from the grooves, in both sharply and bluntly grooved cartilage and at the kissing sites.
  • This resulted in a loss of mechanical strength in the cartilage over the 9-month observation period.

Cite This Article

APA
Mohammadi A, Te Moller NCR, Ebrahimi M, Plomp S, Brommer H, van Weeren PR, Mäkelä JTA, Töyräs J, Korhonen RK. (2022). Site- and Zone-Dependent Changes in Proteoglycan Content and Biomechanical Properties of Bluntly and Sharply Grooved Equine Articular Cartilage. Ann Biomed Eng, 50(12), 1787-1797. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-022-02991-4

Publication

Annals of biomedical engineering
ISSN: 1573-9686
NlmUniqueID: 0361512
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 50
Issue: 12
Pages: 1787-1797

Researcher Affiliations

Mohammadi, Ali
  • Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. ali.mohammadi@uef.fi.
Te Moller, Nikae C R
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Ebrahimi, Mohammadhossein
  • Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
  • Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Plomp, Saskia
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Brommer, Harold
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
van Weeren, P René
  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Mäkelä, Janne T A
  • Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Töyräs, Juha
  • Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
  • School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
  • Science Service Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
Korhonen, Rami K
  • Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.

MeSH Terms

  • Horses
  • Animals
  • Cartilage, Articular
  • Proteoglycans

Grant Funding

  • 324529 / Academy of Finland
  • 324994 / Academy of Finland
  • 328920 / Academy of Finland
  • 307932 / Academy of Finland
  • (LLP-22) / Dutch Arthritis Association
  • project number 022.005.018 / WO Graduate Programme 410 Grant

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Citations

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