Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy for photon migration studies in bones with different mineralization levels.
Abstract: The ability of Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy (SORS) to obtain chemically specific information from below the sample surface makes it a promising technique for non-invasive in vivo diagnosis of bone conditions by sampling bone through the skin. The depth below a surface interrogated by SORS depends on the system's optical properties and is difficult to estimate for complex bone material. This paper uses 830 nm laser excitation to investigate the influence of bone mineralization on photon migration properties in deer antler cortex, equine metacarpal cortex and whale tympanic bulla. Thin slices form each type of bone (thickness: 0.6-1.0 mm) were cut and put together on top of each other forming stacks with a total thickness of 4.1-4.7 mm. A 0.38 mm thin slice of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) served as a test material for Raman signal recovery and was placed in between the individual bone slices within the stack. At SORS offsets of 8.0-9.5 mm Raman bands of materials not present in healthy bone (e.g. PTFE as an example) can be recovered through 4.4-4.7 mm of cortical bone tissue, depending on mineralization level and porosity. These findings significantly increase our understanding of SORS analysis through bones of different composition and provide information that is vital to determine the value of SORS as a medical diagnostic technique. The data serve to define which SORS offset is best deployed for the non-invasive detection of chemically specific markers associated with infection, degeneration and disease or cancer within bone.
Publication Date: 2017-08-03 PubMed ID: 28765845DOI: 10.1039/c7an00408gGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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This research article explores the potential of Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy (SORS) as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for bone diseases. It investigates the effect of different bone mineralization levels on the photon migration properties that occur during the SORS process.
Objective and Methodology
- The researchers aimed to understand the influence of bone mineralization on photon migration while using SORS. They theorized that this information would greatly deepen our understanding of how SORS could be utilized to diagnose bone conditions.
- To test this theory, they used an 830 nm laser to stimulate the Raman scattering process in bone samples from deer, horses, and whales. Bone slices were stacked together with a polystyrene slice placed between them to test Raman signal recovery.
Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy
- SORS is a technique that can obtain chemically specific information from beneath the sample surface. This ability makes it a promising non-invasive method for diagnosing bone conditions.
- The depth that SORS can reach below the surface depends on the optical properties of the system and can be difficult to estimate in complex materials such as bone.
Findings and Implications
- The scientists discovered that Raman bands of non-bone materials (like PTFE) can still be retrieved even through layers of cortical bone tissue. This recovery ability varied depending on the bone’s mineralization level and porosity.
- This finding is crucial in determining the potential value of SORS as a diagnostic tool. Determining the optimal SORS offset would help in detecting chemically specific indicators linked to bone infections, degeneration, diseases, or cancer.
Conclusion
- This research significantly contributes to our understanding of how SORS analysis works with bones of varying compositions. The further detailed understanding of this technique helps unlock its potential in non-invasive bone disease diagnostics.
Cite This Article
APA
Sowoidnich K, Churchwell JH, Buckley K, Goodship AE, Parker AW, Matousek P.
(2017).
Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy for photon migration studies in bones with different mineralization levels.
Analyst, 142(17), 3219-3226.
https://doi.org/10.1039/c7an00408g Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK. kay.sowoidnich@stfc.ac.uk and UCL Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, London HA7 4LP, UK.
- UCL Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, London HA7 4LP, UK.
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK. kay.sowoidnich@stfc.ac.uk and UCL Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, London HA7 4LP, UK.
- UCL Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, London HA7 4LP, UK.
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK. kay.sowoidnich@stfc.ac.uk and UCL Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, London HA7 4LP, UK.
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK. kay.sowoidnich@stfc.ac.uk and UCL Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, London HA7 4LP, UK.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Bone Density
- Bone and Bones / diagnostic imaging
- Deer
- Horns
- Horses
- Lasers
- Photons
- Spectrum Analysis, Raman
Citations
This article has been cited 6 times.- Raj P, Wu L, Almeida C, Conway L, Tanwar S, Middendorf J, Barman I. Shining Light on Osteoarthritis: Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy as a Window into Cartilage Health.. bioRxiv 2023 Aug 16;.
- Fosca M, Basoli V, Della Bella E, Russo F, Vadalà G, Alini M, Rau JV, Verrier S. Raman Spectroscopy in Skeletal Tissue Disorders and Tissue Engineering: Present and Prospective.. Tissue Eng Part B Rev 2022 Oct;28(5):949-965.
- Nicolson F, Kircher MF, Stone N, Matousek P. Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy for biomedical applications.. Chem Soc Rev 2021 Jan 7;50(1):556-568.
- Marques MPM, Mamede AP, Vassalo AR, Makhoul C, Cunha E, Gonçalves D, Parker SF, Batista de Carvalho LAE. Heat-induced Bone Diagenesis Probed by Vibrational Spectroscopy.. Sci Rep 2018 Oct 29;8(1):15935.
- Shu C, Chen K, Lynch M, Maher JR, Awad HA, Berger AJ. Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy for in vivo bone strength prediction.. Biomed Opt Express 2018 Oct 1;9(10):4781-4791.
- Nicolson F, Jamieson LE, Mabbott S, Plakas K, Shand NC, Detty MR, Graham D, Faulds K. Through tissue imaging of a live breast cancer tumour model using handheld surface enhanced spatially offset resonance Raman spectroscopy (SESORRS).. Chem Sci 2018 Apr 21;9(15):3788-3792.
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