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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Equine Vet Sci / Spatiotemporal Analysis of Glanders in Brazil.
Journal of equine veterinary science2019; 78; 14-19; doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.03.216

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Glanders in Brazil.

Abstract: In Brazil, glanders remains a serious problem, with the obligatory sacrifice of disease-positive animals without compensation. Each year, glanders cases are reported in several regions of the country, causing severe economic losses and trade restrictions. The present study describes and discusses the occurrence of glanders foci in Brazil during a 12-year period from 2005 to 2016. The highest frequency of reported affected holdings during the study period was in the northeast region. Moreover, during this period, the disease incidence in Brazil showed an overall increasing tendency. The number of affected holdings significantly increased during the last four years of the period, and more cases were noted during the months of May and June. Spatiotemporally, there are four high-risk glanders clusters: (1) cluster A (relative risk [RR = 6.51, P < .0001) involved the northeast region from March 2008 to February 2014; (2) cluster B (RR = 17.37, P < .0001) involved a southeast region state from March 2013 to June 2015; (3) cluster C (RR = 6.92, P < .0001) involved the states in the midwest, southeast, and south regions of Brazil from March 2015 to May 2016; and (4) cluster D (RR = 19.07, P < .0001) involved a north region state from October 2015 to April 2016. Only two states of the north region (Acre and Amapá) did not experience glanders during the study period.
Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2019-04-04 PubMed ID: 31203979DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.03.216Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article is about an extensive study into the spread and occurrence of glanders disease in Brazil over a 12-year period from 2005 to 2016. The study identified increasing incidence, specific regions of high risk, and months with more cases, with significant implications for disease control and public health planning.

Objective and Significance of the Study

  • The objective of this study was to understand the occurrence of glanders, a severe animal disease, in Brazil between 2005 and 2016.
  • The disease contributes to significant economic losses due to the obligatory slaughter of affected animals and related trade restrictions. Therefore, investigating its patterns of occurrence is critical for forming effective disease control strategies.

Key Findings

  • During the study period, the highest frequency of disease cases occurred in the northeast region of Brazil. The incidence of glanders across the country also generally increased over the study period.
  • There was a significant surge in the number of affected establishments during the last four years of the period – indicating a critical time frame for disease containment.
  • More cases were reported during May and June – suggesting seasonal patterns in disease spread.

High-risk Glanders Clusters

  • The research used spatiotemporal analysis to identify four key high-risk glanders clusters across the country.
  • Cluster A was identified in the northeast region from March 2008 to February 2014.
  • Cluster B involved a southeast region state from March 2013 to June 2015.
  • Cluster C involved states in the midwest, southeast, and south regions from March 2015 to May 2016.
  • Cluster D involved a north region state from October 2015 to April 2016.
  • Only two states in the north region, Acre and Amapá, did not experience glanders during the study period.

Implications

  • These findings imply that there may be a spatial and temporal aspect to the spread of glanders, with certain regions and times being prone to higher incidence.
  • This information can inform proactive disease control measures, potentially reducing future incidence and associated costs.

Cite This Article

APA
Fonseca-Rodríguez O, Pinheiro Júnior JW, Mota RA. (2019). Spatiotemporal Analysis of Glanders in Brazil. J Equine Vet Sci, 78, 14-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2019.03.216

Publication

Journal of equine veterinary science
ISSN: 0737-0806
NlmUniqueID: 8216840
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 78
Pages: 14-19

Researcher Affiliations

Fonseca-Rodríguez, Osvaldo
  • Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Pinheiro Júnior, José Wilton
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil. Electronic address: wiltonjrufrpe@gmail.com.
Mota, Rinaldo Aparecido
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Brazil
  • Glanders
  • Horses
  • Morbidity
  • Spatio-Temporal Analysis

Citations

This article has been cited 8 times.
  1. Silva VVD, Leite DPSBM, Gonçalves LMT, Oliveira PRF, Junior JWP, Mota RA. Identification of persistent clusters and temporal trends of glanders in horses throughout Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2025 Sep;56(3):2193-2203.
    doi: 10.1007/s42770-025-01730-wpubmed: 40715785google scholar: lookup
  2. Torres AG. Glanders: An ancient and emergent disease with no vaccine or treatment on site. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2025 Jun;19(6):e0013160.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0013160pubmed: 40498787google scholar: lookup
  3. Suniga PAP, Mantovani C, Dos Santos MG, do Egito AA, Verbisck NV, Dos Santos LR, Dávila AMR, Zimpel CK, Zerpa MCS, Chiebao DP, de Sá Guimarães AM, de Castro Nassar AF, de Araújo FR. Glanders Diagnosis in an Asymptomatic Mare from Brazil: Insights from Serology, Microbiological Culture, Mass Spectrometry, and Genome Sequencing. Pathogens 2023 Oct 17;12(10).
    doi: 10.3390/pathogens12101250pubmed: 37887766google scholar: lookup
  4. Suniga PAP, Mantovani C, Santos MG, Rieger JSG, Gaspar EB, Dos Santos FL, Mota RA, Chaves KP, Egito AA, Filho JCO, Nassar AFC, Dos Santos LR, Araújo FR. Molecular detection of Burkholderia mallei in different geographic regions of Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2023 Jun;54(2):1275-1285.
    doi: 10.1007/s42770-023-00965-9pubmed: 37074557google scholar: lookup
  5. Mota RA, Junior JWP. Current status of glanders in Brazil: recent advances and challenges. Braz J Microbiol 2022 Dec;53(4):2273-2285.
    doi: 10.1007/s42770-022-00814-1pubmed: 36044120google scholar: lookup
  6. Brangsch H, Saqib M, Sial AUR, Melzer F, Linde J, Elschner MC. Sequencing-Based Genotyping of Pakistani Burkholderia mallei Strains: A Useful Way for Investigating Glanders Outbreaks. Pathogens 2022 May 24;11(6).
    doi: 10.3390/pathogens11060614pubmed: 35745468google scholar: lookup
  7. Wang G, Glaser L, Scott NE, Fathy Mohamed Y, Ingram R, Laroucau K, Valvano MA. A glycoengineered antigen exploiting a conserved protein O-glycosylation pathway in the Burkholderia genus for detection of glanders infections. Virulence 2021 Dec;12(1):493-506.
    doi: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1876440pubmed: 33509023google scholar: lookup
  8. Wang G, Zarodkiewicz P, Valvano MA. Current Advances in Burkholderia Vaccines Development. Cells 2020 Dec 11;9(12).
    doi: 10.3390/cells9122671pubmed: 33322641google scholar: lookup
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