Specific antibody responses to West Nile virus infections in horses preimmunized with inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine: evaluation of blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay.
Abstract: West Nile virus (WNV) and Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus are distributed separately in the world with some exceptions. There is a concern that WNV may invade into Asia where JE virus exists. On and after such invasion, any differential diagnosis could be complicated by serological crossreactivities. We previously demonstrated experimentally using horses infected with WNV that preimmunization with inactivated JE vaccine considerably affected the ability of neutralization tests and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to diagnose WNV infection. Here, we investigated WNV-specific antibody responses in vaccinated horses using a blocking ELISA and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) assay to evaluate these two newly developed serodiagnostic methods for WNV infection. Sera previously collected from six experimentally infected horses were used: Three were vaccinated before the infection, whereas the other three remained unvaccinated. WNV-specific antibody responses were successfully detected in the vaccinated and unvaccinated horses using both new methods, except for one vaccinated horse in which responses were not induced, probably as a result of crossprotection induced by JE vaccination. Specific antibody responses were at earliest detected from days 9 to 10 postinfection in the blocking ELISA, whereas the CDC assay provided earlier detection (at days 7-8) in all horses. The time courses of antibody levels were similar between vaccinated and unvaccinated horses in either method, indicating no notable effect of vaccination on detection of specific antibody responses, as far as antibodies were induced. These results indicated that blocking ELISA, but preferably the CDC assay, can be useful for detecting WNV infection in JE-vaccinated horses.
Publication Date: 2011-01-22 PubMed ID: 21254919DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2010.0094Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Comparative Study
- Evaluation Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research article focuses on the efficacy of two newly developed diagnostic methods – blocking ELISA and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) assay – in detecting West Nile virus (WNV) in horses that had previously been vaccinated for Japanese Encephalitis (JE). The study found that both methods were successful in detecting WNV-specific antibodies in vaccinated and unvaccinated horses, with CDC providing earlier detection.
Introduction
- The research begins by setting up the context of the study. West Nile virus (WNV) and Japanese Encephalitis (JE) virus are typically found in different locations across the globe, with a few exceptions. There’s a growing concern that WNV could find its way into Asia, a region where JE exists. This introduction presents concern for diagnosis complexity due to serological crossreactivities that might occur following a crossover.
- The authors reference their prior experimental work on horses preimmunized with an inactivated JE vaccine and infected with WNV, which influenced the virus diagnosis. This study further evaluates two serodiagnostic techniques for WNV infection: blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) assay.
Methodology
- The experiment used serum samples from six horses, three were vaccinated before the infection, while the other three remained unvaccinated.
- They tested for WNV-specific antibody responses in these horses using the two methods.
Findings
- In general, both methods successfully detected WNV-specific antibody responses in vaccinated and unvaccinated horses, barring a single instance where the responses were probably hindered due to cross-protection provided by the JE vaccine.
- Blocking ELISA detected specific antibody responses at the earliest from days 9 to 10 postinfection.
- CDC assay was more efficient, providing earlier detection (at days 7-8 post-infection) in all tested horses.
Conclusion
- The research concluded that vaccination did not significantly affect the detection of specific antibody responses, confirming the reliability of both methods.
- However, CDC assays were recommended over blocking ELISA due to their earlier detection capabilities.
Cite This Article
APA
Kitai Y, Shirafuji H, Kanehira K, Kamio T, Kondo T, Konishi E.
(2011).
Specific antibody responses to West Nile virus infections in horses preimmunized with inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine: evaluation of blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay.
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis, 11(8), 1093-1098.
https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2010.0094 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of International Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic / methods
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic / standards
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / methods
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / standards
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / prevention & control
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses
- Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines
- West Nile Fever / diagnosis
- West Nile virus / immunology
Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Desanti-Consoli H, Bouillon J, Chapuis RJJ. Equids' Core Vaccines Guidelines in North America: Considerations and Prospective.. Vaccines (Basel) 2022 Mar 4;10(3).
- Sun E, Zhao J, Liu N, Yang T, Xu Q, Qin Y, Bu Z, Yang Y, Lunt RA, Wang L, Wu D. Comprehensive mapping of common immunodominant epitopes in the West Nile virus nonstructural protein 1 recognized by avian antibody responses.. PLoS One 2012;7(2):e31434.
- Sun EC, Ma JN, Liu NH, Yang T, Zhao J, Geng HW, Wang LF, Qin YL, Bu ZG, Yang YH, Lunt RA, Wang LF, Wu DL. Identification of two linear B-cell epitopes from West Nile virus NS1 by screening a phage-displayed random peptide library.. BMC Microbiol 2011 Jul 6;11:160.
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