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Home / Equine Research Bank / Chromosome Res / Subchromosomal karyotype evolution in Equidae.
Chromosome research : an international journal on the molecular, supramolecular and evolutionary aspects of chromosome biology2013; 21(2); 175-187; doi: 10.1007/s10577-013-9346-z

Subchromosomal karyotype evolution in Equidae.

Abstract: Equidae is a small family which comprises horses, African and Asiatic asses, and zebras. Despite equids having diverged quite recently, their karyotypes underwent rapid evolution which resulted in extensive differences among chromosome complements in respective species. Comparative mapping using whole-chromosome painting probes delineated genome-wide chromosome homologies among extant equids, enabling us to trace chromosome rearrangements that occurred during evolution. In the present study, we performed subchromosomal comparative mapping among seven Equidae species, representing the whole family. Region-specific painting and bacterial artificial chromosome probes were used to determine the orientation of evolutionarily conserved segments with respect to centromere positions. This allowed assessment of the configuration of all fusions occurring during the evolution of Equidae, as well as revealing discrepancies in centromere location caused by centromere repositioning or inversions. Our results indicate that the prevailing type of fusion in Equidae is centric fusion. Tandem fusions of the type telomere-telomere occur almost exclusively in the karyotype of Hartmann's zebra and are characteristic of this species' evolution. We revealed inversions in segments homologous to horse chromosomes 3p/10p and 13 in zebras and confirmed inversions in segments 4/31 in African ass, 7 in horse and 8p/20 in zebras. Furthermore, our mapping results suggested that centromere repositioning events occurred in segments homologous to horse chromosomes 7, 8q, 10p and 19 in the African ass and an element homologous to horse chromosome 16 in Asiatic asses. Centromere repositioning in chromosome 1 resulted in three different chromosome types occurring in extant species. Heterozygosity of the centromere position of this chromosome was observed in the kiang. Other subtle changes in centromere position were described in several evolutionary conserved chromosomal segments, suggesting that tiny centromere repositioning or pericentric inversions are quite frequent in zebras and asses.
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Publication Date: 2013-03-27 PubMed ID: 23532666DOI: 10.1007/s10577-013-9346-zGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article studies the quick evolutionary changes in the karyotypes of the Equidae family, which consists of horses, donkeys, and zebras. The study used advanced mapping methods to understand the chromosome rearrangements during the evolution of this family.

Research Methodology

  • The researchers performed subchromosomal comparative mapping among seven species from the Equidae family, which represents the entire family.
  • They used region-specific painting and bacterial artificial chromosome probes to establish the orientation of evolutionarily conserved segments relative to centromere positions.
  • This methodology allowed them to assess the configuration of all fusions that had occurred during the evolution of the Equidae family.

Key Findings

  • The predominant kind of fusion in the Equidae family was found to be centric fusion.
  • Almost exclusive tandem fusions of the telomere-telomere type were identified in the karyotype of Hartmann’s zebra and were found to be characteristic of the species’ evolution.
  • The researchers identified homologous inversions to horse chromosomes 3p/10p and 13 in zebras and indisputable inversions in segments 4/31 in African ass, 7 in horse and 8p/20 in zebras.
  • The study also suggested that centromere repositioning events happened in segments homologous to horse chromosomes 7, 8q, 10p and 19 in the African ass and an element homologous to horse chromosome 16 in Asiatic asses.
  • Centromere repositioning in chromosome 1 resulted in three different chromosome types appearing in extant species.
  • The researchers observed heterozygosity of the centromere position of chromosome 1 in the kiang.
  • Moreover, the study proposed that additional, minor changes in centromere position were apparent in several evolutionarily conserved chromosomal segments, suggesting that minute centromere repositioning or pericentric inversions are quite frequent in zebras and asses.

Significance of the Study

  • This study provides an invaluable insight into the rapid karyotype evolution in the Equidae family and contributes to our understanding of evolutionary genetics.
  • It also introduces advanced mapping methods and highlights their effectiveness in tracing complex chromosomal rearrangements.
  • The findings of the study also inform and enhance understanding of the family’s primary mechanisms of structural chromosomal rearrangements during their evolution.

Cite This Article

APA
Musilova P, Kubickova S, Vahala J, Rubes J. (2013). Subchromosomal karyotype evolution in Equidae. Chromosome Res, 21(2), 175-187. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-013-9346-z

Publication

Chromosome research : an international journal on the molecular, supramolecular and evolutionary aspects of chromosome biology
ISSN: 1573-6849
NlmUniqueID: 9313452
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 21
Issue: 2
Pages: 175-187

Researcher Affiliations

Musilova, P
  • Department of Genetics and Reproduction, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic. musilova@vri.cz
Kubickova, S
    Vahala, J
      Rubes, J

        MeSH Terms

        • Animals
        • Centromere / genetics
        • Centromere / metabolism
        • Chromosome Inversion
        • Chromosome Mapping
        • Chromosome Painting / methods
        • Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial
        • Equidae / classification
        • Equidae / genetics
        • Evolution, Molecular
        • Gene Rearrangement
        • In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
        • Karyotype
        • Species Specificity
        • Telomere / genetics

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        This article has been cited 16 times.
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