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Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene2022; 57 Suppl 4(Suppl 4); 4-12; doi: 10.1111/rda.14129

Suppression of reproductive behaviour and gonadal function in female horses-An update.

Abstract: The behaviour of mares is often detrimental to their performance resulting in frequent demand for methods to suppress gonadal function. In addition, prevention of unintended reproduction especially in feral horse populations may require methods for suppression of gonadal function. Surgical ovariectomy is a safe method but not an acceptable approach in feral mares and undesired in mares where future breeding is considered. There are different approaches for artificial prolongation of the luteal phase resulting in transient inhibition of oestrus and ovulation. Among those, treatment with natural or synthetic progestogens is considered the most common and successful method. Whereas application of intrauterine devices may result in prolongation of luteal function in non-pregnant mares, intrauterine insertion of glass balls is no longer recommended because of complications in individual mares. There are several safer alternatives that may be of interest, especially for population control in free-roaming horses. Treatment with long-acting deslorelin implants inhibited ovulation and oestrus behaviour in mares for limited and variable time intervals in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of GnRH vaccines varies considerably among individual mares, is age dependent, and oestrus-like behaviour may still occur. Contraception via immunization against native porcine or recombinant zona pellucida antigen is successful, but immunocontraception is as much a result of ovarian inactivity as an antibody-based block to sperm-oocyte binding. In conclusion, several treatments for suppression of gonadal function in mares are available, but there are advantages and disadvantages associated that have to be considered. The treatment of choice will thus differ with regard to the demands.
© 2022 The Authors. Reproduction in Domestic Animals published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.
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Publication Date: 2022-05-01 PubMed ID: 35467049PubMed Central: PMC9790428DOI: 10.1111/rda.14129Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The paper discusses various methods used to control reproduction and sexual behavior in female horses, highlighting the benefits and drawbacks associated with each approach.

Methods of Suppressing Gonadal Function

  • The study explores the need to suppress gonadal function in mares to prevent unintended breeding, particularly in cases of feral horses. This is often necessitated by the fact that sometimes, the intense behaviour of mares can affect their performance adversely.
  • Surgical ovariectomy (removal of ovaries) is one commonly used method. However, this is not suitable for all cases particularly feral mares or mares where future breeding is a consideration.

Prolongation of the Luteal Phase

  • The research outlines various approaches to artificially prolong the luteal phase, a part of a mare’s cycle during which pregnancy can occur, for providing transient inhibition of oestrus (a period when the mare is in heat) and ovulation.
  • These treatments include the use of both natural and synthetic progestogens (a type of hormone), which have been found to be particularly effective.

Use of Intrauterine Devices

  • Intrauterine devices are another option mentioned in the research. Nonetheless, the study advises against using certain types of such devices, like glass balls insertion due to related complications that have been historically experienced.

Alternative Treatments

  • The document proposes safer alternatives for population control in free-roaming horses. These include the use of deslorelin implants that provide dose-dependent control of ovulation and oestrus behaviour.
  • Another method discussed is the use of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) vaccines but their effects vary largely between individual mares and are also dependent on the mare’s age.

Contraception via Immunization

  • The research also mentions vaccination-based contraception methods, where immunization against native porcine or recombinant zona pellucida antigen has proven successful.
  • However, it was voiced that immunocontraception also leads to ovarian inactivity, which may serve as an additional contraceptive mechanism by blocking sperm-oocyte binding.

Conclusion

  • Overall, the study concludes that various treatments exist for controlling reproductive behaviour and gonadal function in female horses, each bringing its own advantages and challenges.
  • The choice of method would subsequently depend on specific demands and needs, and these factors must be appropriately weighed before making a decision.

Cite This Article

APA
Aurich C, Kaps M. (2022). Suppression of reproductive behaviour and gonadal function in female horses-An update. Reprod Domest Anim, 57 Suppl 4(Suppl 4), 4-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/rda.14129

Publication

Reproduction in domestic animals = Zuchthygiene
ISSN: 1439-0531
NlmUniqueID: 9015668
Country: Germany
Language: English
Volume: 57 Suppl 4
Issue: Suppl 4
Pages: 4-12

Researcher Affiliations

Aurich, Christine
  • Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer, Department for Small Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Kaps, Martim
  • Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer, Department for Small Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Contraception, Immunologic / veterinary
  • Female
  • Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / pharmacology
  • Horses
  • Male
  • Ovulation
  • Reproductive Behavior
  • Semen
  • Swine

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Wolf N, Hahn JA, Walter I, Zablotski Y, Zerbe H, Witte TS. Pathohistological Findings after Bilateral Ovariectomy in Mares with Behavioral Problems. Animals (Basel) 2024 Oct 8;14(19).
    doi: 10.3390/ani14192899pubmed: 39409848google scholar: lookup
  2. Straticò P, Hattab J, Guerri G, Carluccio A, Bandera L, Celani G, Marruchella G, Varasano V, Petrizzi L. Behavioral Disorders in Mares with Ovarian Disorders, Outcome after Laparoscopic Ovariectomy: A Case Series. Vet Sci 2023 Jul 25;10(8).
    doi: 10.3390/vetsci10080483pubmed: 37624270google scholar: lookup
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