Surface-active phospholipid (surfactant) in equine tendon and tendon sheath fluid.

This research article unearthed the presence of surface-active phospholipid (surfactant) within horse tendons and its surrounding fluid, suggesting a lubricating role with potential therapeutic implications for tendon-related injuries.

Research Method

• The investigation was based on the left front flexor tendon and its associated sheath from five Thoroughbred horses.
• Extraction of phospholipids was conducted on tendon sheath fluid using a chemical reagent called Folch reagent. Phospholipids are a type of fat important in building cell membranes in the body.
• The team used a quantification technique known as spectroscopy to measure the amount of phospholipid in these samples.
• To observe the tendon surfaces, they employed Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), a microscopy technique that sends electrons through an ultrathin specimen to create highly detailed images.

Results and Findings

• Results showed the existence of phospholipid in tendon sheath fluid, specifically recording 90.6 (SD 4.3) micrograms/ml. This presence was a significant indicator of the existence of surfactant within the horse tendons.
• The appearance of oligolamellar layers and lamellar bodies on the tendon surface through the TEM-supported the presence of surfactant. These structures are characteristic of many lipid-based systems including surfactants.

Conclusions

• The existence of surfactant in equine tendon indicates a potential lubrication function, as seen in synovial joints.
• This discovery has critical implications for normal tendon function. Surfactants can reduce friction and wear, which might have a profound impact on the movement and overall health of the horse’s tendon.
• Also, this might hint at possible therapeutic additions for the upkeeping or healing of tendon and tendon sheath injuries in horses, hence improving their wellbeing and performance.