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Parasites & vectors2013; 6; 84; doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-84

SvSXP: a Strongylus vulgaris antigen with potential for prepatent diagnosis.

Abstract: Strongyle parasites are ubiquitous in grazing horses. Strongylus vulgaris, the most pathogenic of the large strongyles, is known for its extensive migration in the mesenteric arterial system. The lifecycle of S. vulgaris is characterised by a long prepatent period where the migrating larvae are virtually undetectable as there currently is no test available for diagnosing prepatent S. vulgaris infection. Presence of S. vulgaris larvae in the arterial system causes endarteritis and thrombosis with a risk of non-strangulating intestinal infarctions. Emergence of anthelmintic resistance among cyathostomins has led to recommendations of reduced treatment intensity by targeting horses that exceed a predetermined strongyle faecal egg count threshold. One study suggests an apparent increase in prevalence of S. vulgaris on farms where reduced anthelmintic treatment intensity has been implemented. These issues highlight the need for an accurate and reliable assay for diagnosing prepatent S. vulgaris infection. Methods: Immunoscreening of a larval S. vulgaris cDNA library using hyperimmune serum raised against S. vulgaris excretory/secretory antigens was performed to identify potential diagnostic antigens. Immunoreactive clones were sequenced, one potential antigen was characterised, expressed as a recombinant protein, initially evaluated by western blot (WB) analysis, the diagnostic potential of the IgG subclasses was evaluated by ELISA, and the diagnostic accuracy evaluated using serum from 102 horses with known S. vulgaris infection status. Results: The clone expressing the potential antigen encoded a S. vulgaris SXP/RAL2 homologue. The recombinant protein, rSvSXP, was shown to be a potential diagnostic antigen by WB analysis, and a target of serum IgGa, IgG(T) and total IgG in naturally infected horses, with IgG(T) antibodies being the most reliable indicator of S. vulgaris infection in horses. Evaluation of diagnostic accuracy of the ELISA resulted in a sensitivity of 73.3%, a specificity of 81.0%, a diagnostic odds ratio of 11.69; a positive likelihood ratio (LR) of 3.85 and a negative LR was 0.33. The area under the ROC curve was 0.820. Conclusions: IgG(T) antibodies to recombinant SvSXP show potential for use as an antigen for prepatent diagnosis of migrating stages of S. vulgaris with moderate to good diagnostic accuracy.
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Publication Date: 2013-04-04 PubMed ID: 23557195PubMed Central: PMC3623896DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-84Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses the identification of an antigen from the parasite Strongylus vulgaris (S.vulgaris) that, when used in a diagnostic test, could potentially detect the parasite in horses during its early, or “prepatent,” phase. The study finds promising diagnostic accuracy with the use of this antigen.

Introduction and Background

  • The authors begin by acknowledging the ubiquity of strongyle parasites in grazing horses, with S. vulgaris being the most deadly due to its invasive migration into the mesenteric arterial system.
  • The prepatent phase (early phase of infection) of S. vulgaris is nearly impossible to detect with current tests, leaving infected horses untreated and at risk.
  • They also note problems with growing resistance to anthelmintic treatments among cyathostomins and an increased prevalence of S. vulgaris on farms where such treatments have been cut back, emphasising the need for a reliable early-detection test for S. vulgaris.

Methods

  • Researchers screened a larval S.vulgaris cDNA library using serum hyperimmune to S. vulgaris excretory/secretory antigens in order to identify potential diagnostic antigens.
  • Sequencing of the immunoreactive clones was done, and one possible antigen was selected for further characterisation. It was then virtually generated as a protein and first tested by western blot analysis.
  • The diagnostic potential of different subclasses of IgG antibodies present in naturally infected horses was then analysed by ELISA, a common lab test for detecting antibodies.

Results

  • One clone was found to encode a S. vulgaris SXP/RAL2 homologue, which was named rSvSXP.
  • Western blot analysis indicated that rSvSXP is a viable candidate for a diagnostic antigen.
  • In naturally infected horses, the antigen was found to target serum IgGa, IgG(T), and total IgG, with IgG(T) antibodies proving to be the most reliable indicator of S. vulgaris infection.
  • An evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of the ELISA using this antigen returned promising results.

Conclusions

  • The study concluded that IgG(T) antibodies to the recombinant SvSXP have the potential to be used as antigen for prepatent diagnosis of the migrating stages of S. vulgaris, with reasonable to decent diagnostic accuracy.

Cite This Article

APA
Andersen UV, Howe DK, Dangoudoubiyam S, Toft N, Reinemeyer CR, Lyons ET, Olsen SN, Monrad J, Nejsum P, Nielsen MK. (2013). SvSXP: a Strongylus vulgaris antigen with potential for prepatent diagnosis. Parasit Vectors, 6, 84. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-6-84

Publication

Parasites & vectors
ISSN: 1756-3305
NlmUniqueID: 101462774
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 6
Pages: 84

Researcher Affiliations

Andersen, Ulla V
  • Department of Large Animal Science, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. ullava@gmail.com
Howe, Daniel K
    Dangoudoubiyam, Sriveny
      Toft, Nils
        Reinemeyer, Craig R
          Lyons, Eugene T
            Olsen, Susanne N
              Monrad, Jesper
                Nejsum, Peter
                  Nielsen, Martin K

                    MeSH Terms

                    • Animals
                    • Antibodies, Helminth / blood
                    • Antigens, Helminth / genetics
                    • Antigens, Helminth / immunology
                    • Blotting, Western
                    • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
                    • Female
                    • Helminth Proteins / genetics
                    • Helminth Proteins / immunology
                    • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
                    • Horse Diseases / parasitology
                    • Horses
                    • Immunoglobulin G / blood
                    • Male
                    • Molecular Sequence Data
                    • Recombinant Proteins / genetics
                    • Recombinant Proteins / immunology
                    • Sequence Analysis, DNA
                    • Strongylida Infections / diagnosis
                    • Strongylida Infections / parasitology
                    • Strongylida Infections / veterinary

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