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Veterinary world2017; 10(6); 679-687; doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.679-687

Th1/Th2 balance and humoral immune response to potential antigens as early diagnostic method of equine Strongylus nematode infection.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the early diagnosis of strongyle infection based on early changes in Th1 and Th2 cytokines beside the diagnostic accuracy values and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and western blotting profiles using prepared strongyles antigens. Methods: A total of 73 donkeys had a mean age of 4-32 years old were parasitologically examined for strongyle infection. The early changes in Th1 and Th2 cytokines were determined, and the diagnostic accuracy values and SDS-PAGE and western blotting profiles were performed using prepared strongyles antigens; crude somatic (CSS), excretory-secretory (ESS), crude somatic (CSC), and excretory-secretory (ESC). Results: The results revealed highest 437.04% and lowest 37.81% immunoglobulin G (IgG) in high and low egg shedder groups when using ESC and CSS antigens, respectively. Antibodies index for ESS and CSC were significantly higher in moderate egg shedder group while that for ESS and CSC, ESC was significantly higher in high egg shedder group. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)/interleukin-4 (IL-4) balance in infected donkeys was approximately equal in apparently healthy, low and high egg shedder groups while TNF-α < IL-4 in moderate egg shedder. In infected animals, TNF-α/IL-4 balance was approximately equal in apparently healthy group while it was low in moderate and high egg shedder groups. The diagnostic accuracy showed that the higher specificity (46.6%) and prevalence (95.40%) were recorded by CSS and ESC antigens, respectively. However, SDS-PAGE and western blotting profiling proved that the band at molecular weight 25 kDa is exhibited by CSS antigen. Conclusions: Combination of detecting level of TNF-α/IL-4 balance, CSS antigen and IgG concentration is good tool for appropriate diagnosis of such infection. More advancement research must be done concerning Th1/Th2 balance and cross-reactivity of and spp. at the base of serological and molecular investigation.
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Publication Date: 2017-06-24 PubMed ID: 28717322PubMed Central: PMC5499087DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.679-687Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigated the possibility of early diagnosis of equine Strongylus nematode infection by studying changes in Th1 and Th2 cytokines and evaluating the immunological response to potential antigens, using techniques like SDS-PAGE and western blotting.

Objective of the Study

  • The main purpose of the research was to assess the potential for early diagnosis of the equine Strongylus nematode infection.
  • The researchers aimed to look into early changes in Th1 and Th2 cytokines and measure the humoral immune response to potential antigen markers.
  • Additionally, the paper also evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of various prepared strongyles antigens through techniques such as SDS-PAGE and Western Blotting.

Methodology

  • A total of 73 donkeys, aged between 4 and 32 years, were tested for a strongyle infection.
  • The team then studied the early changes in Th1 and Th2 cytokines in these animals.
  • The diagnostic accuracy, SDS-PAGE and Western Blotting profiles of several prepared antigens (CSS, ESS, CSC, and ESC) were also evaluated.

Findings

  • The study found a high immunoglobulin G (IgG) response in the infected group when tested with ESC and CSS antigens.
  • The antibody response for ESS and CSC was found to be significantly higher in the moderate egg shedder group, while that for ESS and CSC, ESC was significantly higher in the high egg shedder group.
  • The balance between Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) was found to be approximately equal in healthy, low and high egg shedder groups, but in moderate egg shedder, the quantity of TNF-α was lower than IL-4.
  • The diagnostic accuracy indicated the highest specificity (46.6%) and prevalence (95.40%) were recorded by CSS and ESC antigens respectively. The SDS-PAGE and Western Blotting profiling further authenticated this showing the band at molecular weight 25 kDa by CSS antigen.

Conclusion

  • The research concludes that a combination of TNF-α/IL-4 balance detection, CSS antigen, and IgG concentration could be a robust approach for diagnosing this type of infection.
  • Furthermore, the paper suggests more advanced research on the subject of Th1/Th2 balance and cross-reactivity of specific species based on serological and molecular investigations.

Cite This Article

APA
Abo-Aziza FAM, Hendawy SHM, Namaky AHE, Ashry HM. (2017). Th1/Th2 balance and humoral immune response to potential antigens as early diagnostic method of equine Strongylus nematode infection. Vet World, 10(6), 679-687. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2017.679-687

Publication

Veterinary world
ISSN: 0972-8988
NlmUniqueID: 101504872
Country: India
Language: English
Volume: 10
Issue: 6
Pages: 679-687

Researcher Affiliations

Abo-Aziza, Faten A M
  • Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
Hendawy, Seham H M
  • Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
Namaky, Amira H El
  • Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
Ashry, Heba M
  • Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.

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Citations

This article has been cited 10 times.
  1. Abo-Aziza FAM, Hendawy SHM, Abdullah HHAM, El Namaky A, Laidoudi Y, Mediannikov O. Emergent and Neglected Equine Filariosis in Egypt: Species Diversity and Host Immune Response. Pathogens 2022 Aug 27;11(9).
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