The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of glucosamine hydrochloride and chondroitin sulfate after oral and intravenous single dose administration in the horse.
- Clinical Trial
- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Randomized Controlled Trial
- Adult Horses
- Animal Health
- Animal Studies
- Bioavailability
- Biochemistry
- Blood Analysis
- Chondroitin Sulfate
- Clinical Pathology
- Clinical Study
- Equine Health
- Glucosamine
- Horses
- Intravenous Administration
- Laboratory Methods
- Oral Administration
- Pharmacokinetics
- Pharmacology
- Physiology
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Research
Summary
The research article is about an investigation into whether glucosamine hydrochloride and low molecular weight chondroitin sulfate are absorbed when orally administered to horses. The study also examined the bioavailability of these substances and their behavior in the horse’s body.
Objective of the Study
The main purpose of this research was to ascertain if glucosamine (GL) hydrochloride (FCHG49) and low molecular weight (LMW) chondroitin sulfate (CS) (TRH122) are absorbed following their oral administration to horses. The research team also sought to evaluate the bioavailability of LMWCS by calculating the total disaccharides (a type of carbohydrate) present in plasma after chondroitin sulfate has been digested with chondroitinase ABC.
Methodology
The researchers conducted two independent studies.
- In the first study, they administrated four different treatments in a randomized, crossover style to ten adult horses. These treatments included intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) LMWCS, both at 3 grams each of 8kDa and 16.9kDa. Every group was given 9 grams of GL alongside LMWCS.
- In the second study, the team randomly assigned two horses to receive either 9 grams of GL hydrochloride injected intravenously or a 125 mg/kg oral dose of the same compound.
After the administration of these substances, the team collected blood samples, analyzed them, and determined the pharmacokinetic parameters which describe how the substances were absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted.
Results and Conclusion
The results showed that GL is absorbed once orally administered, with a mean maximum concentration (C(max)) in the blood of 10.6 micrograms/ml, in an average time (T(max)) of 2 hours. The absorption of LMWCS was also proven, regardless of the molecular weight. However, 16.9kDa LMWCS had higher concentration and area under the curve (AUC – which indicates total drug exposure over time) compared to 8kDa, but its bioavailability was slightly lower although this difference was not statistically significant.
This study is seminal as it provides the first-ever report on the bioavailability of orally administered glucosamine hydrochloride and LMWCS in horses. This knowledge can inform appropriate dosage and administration methods for these compounds in equine veterinary care.
Cite This Article
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Pharmacokinetics-Biopharmaceutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, 100 Penn Street, AHB 540C, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents / administration & dosage
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents / blood
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents / pharmacokinetics
- Biological Availability
- Chondroitin Sulfates / administration & dosage
- Chondroitin Sulfates / blood
- Chondroitin Sulfates / pharmacokinetics
- Cross-Over Studies
- Glucosamine / administration & dosage
- Glucosamine / blood
- Glucosamine / pharmacokinetics
- Horses / metabolism
- Injections, Intravenous
- Time Factors
Citations
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