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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Vet Intern Med / The cannabinoid receptors system in horses: Tissue distribut...
Journal of veterinary internal medicine2022; 36(4); 1508-1524; doi: 10.1111/jvim.16467

The cannabinoid receptors system in horses: Tissue distribution and cellular identification in skin.

Abstract: The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is composed of cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CBR1) and type 2 (CBR2), cannabinoid-based ligands (endogenous chemically synthesized phytocannabinoids), and endogenous enzymes controlling their concentrations. Cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) have been identified in invertebrates and in almost all vertebrate species in the central and peripheral nervous system as well as in immune cells, where they control neuroimmune homeostasis. In humans, rodents, dogs, and cats, CBRs expression has been confirmed in the skin, and their expression and tissue distribution become disordered in pathological conditions. Cannabinoid receptors may be a possible therapeutic target in skin diseases. Objective: To characterize the distribution and cellular expression of CBRs in the skin of horses under normal conditions. Methods: Fifteen healthy horses. Methods: Using full-thickness skin punch biopsy samples, skin-derived primary epidermal keratinocytes and dermal-derived cells, we performed analysis of Cnr1 and Cnr2 genes using real-time PCR and CBR1 and CBR2 protein expression by confocal microscopy and Western blotting. Results: Normal equine skin, including equine epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblast-like cells, all exhibited constant gene and protein expression of CBRs. Conclusions: Our results represent a starting point for developing and translating new veterinary medicine-based pharmacotherapies using ECS as a possible target.
© 2022 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
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Publication Date: 2022-07-08 PubMed ID: 35801813PubMed Central: PMC9308437DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16467Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article explores the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in horses, focusing on the distribution and cellular expression of cannabinoid receptors in their skin. The researchers conducted various tests and confirmed that, under normal conditions, the horses’ skin, and specific cells within it, consistently express these receptors. This finding provides a foundation for developing new treatments in veterinary medicine targeting the ECS.

Understanding the Endocannabinoid System (ECS)

  • The ECS is a complex cell-signalling system identified in the early 1990s by researchers exploring THC, a well-known cannabinoid. This system plays an essential role in regulating a broad range of functions and processes including sleep, mood, appetite, memory, reproduction, and fertility.
  • In the ECS, there are two core components: endocannabinoids and cannabinoid receptors. The research specifically focuses on the cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CBR1) and type 2 (CBR2).
  • These receptors have been identified in nearly all vertebrates in both the central and peripheral nervous system, as well as in immune cells. They regulate a state of stability or balance known as neuroimmune homeostasis.

Tissue Distribution and Cellular Identification

  • In previous studies, the expression of cannabinoid receptors has been confirmed in the skin of humans, rodents, dogs, and cats. The study authors wanted to determine if the same is true for horses.
  • Using skin samples from fifteen healthy horses, the researchers utilized a variety of techniques such as real-time PCR, confocal microscopy and Western blotting to analyze the presence and expression of Cnr1 and Cnr2 genes, which produce CBR1 and CBR2 proteins respectively.

Notable Findings

  • The investigation showed that normal equine skin – including equine epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblast-like cells – all exhibited steady gene and protein expression of cannabinoid receptors.
  • This is important because it indicates that, similar to humans and other animals, the ECS could play a vital role in the skin health of horses. Furthermore, it suggests that these receptors and the ECS overall could be a target for new treatments in veterinary medicine.

Implication of the Study

  • This research serves as a springboard for further studies into the endocannabinoid system in horses and its impact on their overall health. The evidence provided here supports exploring the ECS as a potential therapeutic target not just for skin conditions but possibly for a variety of horse-related health issues.

Cite This Article

APA
Kupczyk P, Rykala M, Serek P, Pawlak A, Slowikowski B, Holysz M, Chodaczek G, Madej JP, Ziolkowski P, Niedzwiedz A. (2022). The cannabinoid receptors system in horses: Tissue distribution and cellular identification in skin. J Vet Intern Med, 36(4), 1508-1524. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16467

Publication

Journal of veterinary internal medicine
ISSN: 1939-1676
NlmUniqueID: 8708660
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 36
Issue: 4
Pages: 1508-1524

Researcher Affiliations

Kupczyk, Piotr
  • Division of General and Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Rykala, Marta
  • Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic for Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.
Serek, Pawel
  • Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Pawlak, Aleksandra
  • Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.
Slowikowski, Bartosz
  • Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Karol Marcinkowski Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
Holysz, Marcin
  • Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Karol Marcinkowski Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
Chodaczek, Grzegorz
  • Bioimaging Laboratory, Lukasiewicz Research Network - PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Wroclaw, Poland.
Madej, Jan P
  • Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.
Ziolkowski, Piotr
  • Division of General and Experimental Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Niedzwiedz, Artur
  • Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic for Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Cannabinoids
  • Horses
  • Receptors, Cannabinoid / genetics
  • Skin
  • Tissue Distribution

Grant Funding

  • SUB.A010.21.026 / Wroclaw Medical University of Silesian Piast
  • N070/0003/20 / Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences

Conflict of Interest Statement

Authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Zamith Cunha R, Zannoni A, Salamanca G, De Silva M, Rinnovati R, Gramenzi A, Forni M, Chiocchetti R. Expression of cannabinoid (CB1 and CB2) and cannabinoid-related receptors (TRPV1, GPR55, and PPARα) in the synovial membrane of the horse metacarpophalangeal joint.. Front Vet Sci 2023;10:1045030.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1045030pubmed: 36937015google scholar: lookup
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