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Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement1987; 35; 95-102;

The carrier state in equine arteritis virus infection in the stallion with specific emphasis on the venereal mode of virus transmission.

Abstract: The carrier state has been confirmed virologically in Thoroughbred and non-Thoroughbred stallions naturally infected with equine arteritis virus (EAV). Short-term or convalescent and long-term carriers occur. The frequency rate of the long-term carrier state in Thoroughbreds was high, averaging 33.9% among the three groups of stallions under study. While the convalescent carrier state only lasted a few weeks after clinical recovery, the long-term carrier state could persist for years. There was evidence, however, that not all such carriers might remain persistently infected for life. Carrier stallions appeared to shed EAV constantly in the semen but not in the respiratory secretions or urine. It also could not be demonstrated in the buffy coat of the blood. All of the carrier stallions have continued to maintain moderate to high neutralizing antibody titres to EAV in serum. Virus was associated with the sperm-rich and not the pre-sperm fraction of semen. There was relatively little variation in virus concentration between sequential ejaculates from the same stallion. Transmission of EAV infection by long-term carrier stallions would appear to occur solely by the venereal route. Such carriers are thought to play an important epidemiological role in the dissemination and perpetuation of the virus.
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Publication Date: 1987-01-01 PubMed ID: 2824772
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article discusses the carrier state of the equine arteritis virus (EAV) in stallions, particularly focusing on the venereal transmission of the virus. It reveals that both short-term and long-term carrier states exist, with the latter potentially persisting for years, and that the virus is not consistently present in all body fluids of the carrier stallions, mostly being found in semen.

Carrier State of EAV in Stallions

  • The study confirmed the occurrence of a carrier state in Thoroughbred and non-Thoroughbred stallions naturally infected with EAV. These carrier states can either be short-term (also referred to as convalescent carriers), which last a few weeks post-recovery, or long-term, persisting potentially for years.
  • It was observed that the frequency rate of the long-term carrier state was relatively high, particularly in Thoroughbreds, at an average of 33.9% among the various groups of stallions studied.
  • However, it is important to note that not all long-term carriers may remain persistently infected for their entire lifespan.

Transmission and Dissemination of the Virus

  • The research indicated that carrier stallions consistently shed the virus in their semen, while respiratory secretions and urine did not appear to contain the virus. It also could not be detected in the buffy coat, a component of the blood.
  • The virus was found associated with the sperm-rich and not the pre-sperm fraction of the semen, and there was limited variation in virus concentration between consecutive ejaculates from the same stallion.
  • Transmission of EAV from long-term carrier stallions seems to occur solely by the venereal route, i.e., during sexual intercourse. Due to this mode of transmission, these carriers play a significant role in the spread and perpetuation of the virus on an epidemiological level.
  • All carrier stallions maintained moderate to high levels of neutralizing antibodies against EAV in their serum, indicating an active immune response against the infection.

Cite This Article

APA
Timoney PJ, McCollum WH, Murphy TW, Roberts AW, Willard JG, Carswell GD. (1987). The carrier state in equine arteritis virus infection in the stallion with specific emphasis on the venereal mode of virus transmission. J Reprod Fertil Suppl, 35, 95-102.

Publication

Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement
ISSN: 0449-3087
NlmUniqueID: 0225652
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 35
Pages: 95-102

Researcher Affiliations

Timoney, P J
  • Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546.
McCollum, W H
    Murphy, T W
      Roberts, A W
        Willard, J G
          Carswell, G D

            MeSH Terms

            • Animals
            • Carrier State / veterinary
            • Equartevirus
            • Horse Diseases / transmission
            • Horses
            • Male
            • Sexually Transmitted Diseases / transmission
            • Sexually Transmitted Diseases / veterinary
            • Virus Diseases / transmission
            • Virus Diseases / veterinary

            Citations

            This article has been cited 19 times.
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