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Frontiers in veterinary science2022; 9; 1007399; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1007399

The concentration of lidocaine and mepivacaine measured in synovial fluid of different joints of horses after single intra-articular injection.

Abstract: To determine the synovial fluid (SF) concentrations of lidocaine and mepivacaine after intra-articular injection with clinically relevant doses to the distal interphalangeal (DIP), metacarpophalangeal (MCP), middle carpal (MC), and tarsocrural (TC) joint at two different time points after injection in order to be able to compare concentrations with previously established concentrations associated with cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity. Unassigned: In the first of two experiments, 20 joints (5 MC, 5 MCP, 10 DIP joints) of five horses under general anesthesia were injected with clinically referenced doses of 2% lidocaine. Simultaneously, the horses had 19 joints (5 MC, 5 MCP, 9 DIP joints) injected with clinically referenced doses of 2% mepivacaine. Synovial fluid samples were collected ~7 min after injection. In experiment 2, 23 joints of seven horses under standing sedation were injected with clinically referenced doses of 2% lidocaine. Similarly, the horses had 21 joints injected with 2% mepivacaine. Synovial fluid samples were collected ~23 min after injection. The concentration of mepivacaine and lidocaine in the obtained SF samples was assessed using high-performance-liquid-chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (HPLC MS). Unassigned: Synovial fluid was obtained 6.8 ± 1.5 (experiment 1) and 23 ± 4.3 (experiment 2) min following intra-articular injection of mepivacaine and lidocaine. Synovial fluid concentrations of experiment 1 for lidocaine and mepivaciane were 6.46-19.62 mg/mL (mean 11.96 ± SD 3.89 mg/mL) and 5.01-13.38 mg/mL (mean 8.18 ± SD 1.76 mg/mL), respectively. In experiment 2, concentrations were 2.94-10.40 mg/mL (mean 6.31± SD 2.23 mg/mL) for lidocaine and 2.10-8.70 mg/mL (mean 4.97 ± SD 1.77 mg/mL) for mepivacaine. Unassigned: Intra-articular LA injections in horses resulted in SF concentrations above those previously associated with cytotoxic effects in vitro but also above those associated with beneficial antimicrobial activities. Local anesthetic concentration was 33-60% lower after 23 min (experiment 2) than after 7 min (experiment 1).
Copyright © 2022 Adler, Jørgensen and Cornett.
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Publication Date: 2022-11-10 PubMed ID: 36439347PubMed Central: PMC9684627DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1007399Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research focuses on the study of the concentrations of anesthetics, lidocaine and mepivacaine, found in the synovial fluid of horses’ joints after being injected with regulated clinical dosages. It aims to juxtapose the respective concentration levels with the ones proven to exhibit cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity.

Study Design and Procedure

  • The research was set into two parts wherein four distinctive joints of a horse were considered – Distal interphalangeal (DIP), Metacarpophalangeal (MCP), Middle carpal (MC), and tarsocrural (TC). The plan was to inject the said anesthetics into these joints and then examine the synovial fluid for traces of these.
  • In the first part of the experiment, 20 joints of five horses, under general anesthesia, were injected with clinically approved quantities of 2% Lidocaine, while 19 similar joints received 2% Mepivacaine. The synovial fluid samples were collected roughly 7 minutes after the injection.
  • The second part mirrored the first with only a difference in time, as the samples were collected approximately 23 minutes post-injection.
  • The detection of Mepivacaine and Lidocaine residue traces in the synovial fluid samples was done using a High-Performance-Liquid-Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry detection (HPLC MS).

Observations and Results

  • The concentrations of both the anesthetics were found and recorded. For instance, in the first experiment’s synovial fluid, Lidocaine concentrations ranged between 6.46 to 19.62 mg/mL (mean=11.96 ± SD 3.89 mg/mL), while Mepivacaine’s concentrations fell between 5.01 to 13.38 mg/mL (mean=8.18 ± SD 1.76 mg/mL).
  • Similarly, in the second experiment, the concentrations for Lidocaine were found to be 2.94-10.40 mg/mL (mean=6.31± SD 2.23 mg/mL) and for Mepivacaine, they were 2.10-8.70 mg/mL (mean=4.97 ± SD 1.77 mg/mL).
  • The researchers observed that the concentrations of both anesthetics reduced considerably in the second experiment, with the quantities being 33-60% lower than in the first experiment.

Conclusions

  • From the research, it was conclusively found that Intra-articular injections in horses result in synovial fluid concentrations higher than those known to be associated with cytotoxic effects.
  • Interestingly, these also exceeded levels associated with beneficial antimicrobial activities.

Cite This Article

APA
Adler DMT, Jørgensen E, Cornett C. (2022). The concentration of lidocaine and mepivacaine measured in synovial fluid of different joints of horses after single intra-articular injection. Front Vet Sci, 9, 1007399. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.1007399

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 9
Pages: 1007399

Researcher Affiliations

Adler, Ditte M T
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark.
Jørgensen, Elin
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark.
Cornett, Claus
  • Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Randelli F, Mazzoleni MG, Menon A, Fioruzzi A, Henin D, Sommariva M, Gagliano N. Lidocaine Affects Collagen Breakdown Without Compromising Cell Viability in Cultured Human Tenocytes: An In Vitro Study. Cells 2025 Jun 27;14(13).
    doi: 10.3390/cells14130988pubmed: 40643508google scholar: lookup
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