The Course of Experimental Infection of the Chick Embryo with the Virus of Equine Encephalomyelitis.
Abstract: The titration curve for the virus of Eastern equine encephalomyelitis inoculated into the 10 day old chick embryo shows that the maximum increase in virus content continues until shortly before the generalized destruction of the embryo is apparent. This is followed by a stationary phase. Histological studies of infected embryos fail to demonstrate selective tissue destruction, and titrations show the virus to be distributed throughout the egg, although concentrated in the embryo. The chorioallantoic membrane gradually becomes increasingly resistant with age to both the Eastern and Western viruses. Increased resistance with age is also apparent in the hatched chick. These findings are based on the use of the chick embryo itself as the test animal to determine the 50 per cent mortality end-point. The limits of accuracy of this method are defined.
Publication Date: 1943-04-01 PubMed ID: 19871287PubMed Central: PMC2135341DOI: 10.1084/jem.77.4.337Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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This study investigates how the virus of Eastern equine encephalomyelitis affects chick embryos, showing a continued increase in viral content until it results in widespread damage to the embryo. It shows the virus is concentrated in the embryo, despite being dispersed throughout the entirety of the egg, and that as the chick embryo ages, it also seems to gain more resistance to the virus.
Course of Experimental Infection
- The titration curve of the virus in a 10-day old chick embryo revealed a gradual increase in viral content until maximum intensity was reached shortly before widespread destruction of the embryo occurred. This then plateaued in a stationary phase.
Distribution and Concentration of Virus
- Although the virus spreads throughout the egg, it is concentrated within the embryo itself. This observation was made possible through histological studies.
- Interestingly, the study did not report selective tissue destruction. Instead, it seems the virus affects the entire embryo without preference to specific tissues.
Resistance to Virus
- This investigation demonstrates that the chorioallantoic membrane, an important part of a bird’s egg related to gas exchange and calcium transport, becomes increasingly resistant to viruses associated with both Eastern and Western equine encephalomyelitis with age.
- It is also noteworthy that the hatched chick exhibits a similar trend of heightened resistance to the virus with increased age.
Research Method and Accuracy
- The study utilized the chick embryo as the test subject to measure a 50 per cent mortality endpoint.
- It is important to note that the researchers acknowledged the margin of error and limitations inherent in their methods, although specifics are not outlined in the abstract.
Cite This Article
APA
Bang FB.
(1943).
The Course of Experimental Infection of the Chick Embryo with the Virus of Equine Encephalomyelitis.
J Exp Med, 77(4), 337-344.
https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.77.4.337 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Animal and Plant Pathology of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton, New Jersey.
References
This article includes 9 references
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- Olitsky PK, Cox HR, Syverton JT. COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE VIRUSES OF VESICULAR STOMATITIS AND EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS (1).. J Exp Med 1934 Jan 31;59(2):159-71.
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- Bang FB. SYNERGISTIC ACTION OF HEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE SUIS AND THE SWINE INFLUENZA VIRUS ON THE CHICK EMBRYO.. J Exp Med 1943 Jan 1;77(1):7-20.
- Higbie E, Howitt B. The Behavior of the Virus of Equine Encephalomyelitis on the Chorioallantoic Membrane of the Developing Chick.. J Bacteriol 1935 Apr;29(4):399-406.
- Buddingh GJ. A STUDY OF GENERALIZED VACCINIA IN THE CHICK EMBRYO.. J Exp Med 1936 Jan 31;63(2):227-40.
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- Hirst GK. ADSORPTION OF INFLUENZA HEMAGGLUTININS AND VIRUS BY RED BLOOD CELLS.. J Exp Med 1942 Aug 1;76(2):195-209.
- Nelson JB. STUDIES ON AN UNCOMPLICATED CORYZA OF THE DOMESTIC FOWL : VII. CULTIVATION OF THE COCCOBACILLIFORM BODIES IN FERTILE EGGS AND IN TISSUE CULTURES.. J Exp Med 1936 Oct 31;64(5):749-58.
Citations
This article has been cited 6 times.- Hamilton SB, Daniels DE, Sosna WA, Jeppesen ER, Owells JM, Halpern MD, McCurdy KS, Rayner JO, Lednicky JA. Gas-permeable ethylene bags for the small scale cultivation of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 and other viruses in embryonated chicken eggs.. Virol J 2010 Jan 28;7:23.
- HERRIOTT RM. Inactivation of viruses and cells by mustard gas.. J Gen Physiol 1948 Nov;32(2):221-39.
- BANG FB. Studies on Newcastle disease virus; behavior of the virus in the embryo.. J Exp Med 1948 Aug;88(2):241-9.
- BANG FB. Studies on Newcastle disease virus; an evaluation of the method of titration.. J Exp Med 1948 Aug;88(2):233-40.
- Nathanson N, Cole GA. Immunosuppression and experimental virus infection of the nervous system.. Adv Virus Res 1970;16:397-448.
- Gallily R, Warwick A, Bang FB. Ontogeny of macrophage resistance to mouse hepatitis in vivo and in vitro.. J Exp Med 1967 Apr 1;125(4):537-48.
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