The distribution and origin of VIP in the spinal cord of six mammalian species.
Abstract: The distribution of VIP-immunoreactivity was studied in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia of 6 mammalian species. Immunoreactive fibres and cell bodies were most apparent in the dorsal horn, dorsolateral funiculus, intermediolateral cell columns and the area around the central canal. The distribution of VIP immunoreactivity was similar in all species studied, mouse, rat, guinea pig, cat, horse and the marmoset monkey. There were fewer VIP fibres in the dorsal horn of cervical and thoracic segments than in lumbosacral segments. Using radioimmunoassay this gradient increase was quantitatively most marked in the sacral spinal cord of the cat. In dorsal root ganglia few nerve cell bodies but numerous fibres were present. A dual origin for VIP in the spinal cord is suggested: (A) Extrinsic, from dorsal root afferent fibres since immunoreactivity was decreased in dorsally rhizotomized animals (cats and rats) and in capsaicin pretreated rats (microinjection of dorsal root ganglia). (B) From local cell bodies intrinsic to the spinal cord which became visible after colchicine pretreatment of rats.
Publication Date: 1984-03-01 PubMed ID: 6433328DOI: 10.1016/0196-9781(84)90207-9Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research study investigates the distribution and origin of Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP) in the spinal cords of six mammalian species. The researchers used various methods to study the presence and origins of this peptide and found it to be most apparent in certain areas of the spinal cord, with variations between different areas and species.
Research Methods and Results
- The team studied the distribution of VIP-immunoreactivity in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia of six mammalian species: mouse, rat, guinea pig, cat, horse, and the marmoset monkey.
- Immunoreactive fibres and cell bodies bearing the VIP peptide were most apparent in specific areas of the spinal cord such as the dorsal horn, dorsolateral funiculus, intermediolateral cell columns, and the area around the central canal.
- There was a notable species-wide similarity in the distribution of VIP, indicating that the presence of this peptide in the spinal cord is a common anatomical feature among mammals.
- A gradient was observed where the dorsal horn of cervical and thoracic segments had fewer VIP fibres than the lumbosacral segments. This gradient increase was especially prominent in the sacral spinal cord of the cat, as quantitatively determined by the radioimmunoassay technique.
- In the dorsal root ganglia, there were few nerve cell bodies but many fibres present, further enlightening the VIP distribution.
Suggested Origins of VIP
- Based on their findings, the researchers suggested a dual origin for VIP in the spinal cord.
- The extrinsic origin comes from the dorsal root afferent fibres. This hypothesis is supported by evidence of decreased immunoreactivity in animals that had their dorsal roots cut (rhizotomized), namely cats and rats, and in rats pretreated with capsaicin; a common tool for sensory neuron research.
- The researchers also identified a potential intrinsic source of VIP in the spinal cord, meaning it may originate from local cell bodies within the cord itself. This conclusion was drawn from observations of visible local cell bodies post colchicine pretreatment in rats. Colchicine is a drug often used to disrupt intracellular processes and evidently induced certain changes, making these local bodies carrying VIP visible.
Conclusions and Implications
- The study affirms the biological significance of VIP in the spinal cord across different mammalian species, demonstrating a common pattern of distribution and suggesting a dual mode of origin.
- The findings contribute important knowledge about VIP distribution and origin, potentially informing future research into neurobiology and treatments for spinal cord injuries and neurodegenerative diseases.
Cite This Article
APA
Gibson SJ, Polak JM, Anand P, Blank MA, Morrison JF, Kelly JS, Bloom SR.
(1984).
The distribution and origin of VIP in the spinal cord of six mammalian species.
Peptides, 5(2), 201-207.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0196-9781(84)90207-9 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Callitrichinae
- Cats
- Ganglia, Spinal / analysis
- Ganglia, Spinal / cytology
- Guinea Pigs
- Horses
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Mice
- Radioimmunoassay
- Rats
- Species Specificity
- Spinal Cord / analysis
- Spinal Cord / cytology
- Tissue Distribution
- Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / analysis
- Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / biosynthesis
Citations
This article has been cited 11 times.- Sengul G, Liang H, Furlong TM, Paxinos G. Dorsal Horn of Mouse Lumbar Spinal Cord Imaged with CLARITY.. Biomed Res Int 2020;2020:3689380.
- Brothers SP, Wahlestedt C. Therapeutic potential of neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptor ligands.. EMBO Mol Med 2010 Nov;2(11):429-39.
- Dougherty KJ, Sawchuk MA, Hochman S. Phenotypic diversity and expression of GABAergic inhibitory interneurons during postnatal development in lumbar spinal cord of glutamic acid decarboxylase 67-green fluorescent protein mice.. Neuroscience 2009 Oct 20;163(3):909-19.
- Yoshiyama M, de Groat WC. The role of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide in the neural pathways controlling the lower urinary tract.. J Mol Neurosci 2008 Nov;36(1-3):227-40.
- Hoyle CH, Stones RW, Robson T, Whitley K, Burnstock G. Innervation of vasculature and microvasculature of the human vagina by NOS and neuropeptide-containing nerves.. J Anat 1996 Jun;188 ( Pt 3)(Pt 3):633-44.
- de Groat WC. Neuropeptides in pelvic afferent pathways.. Experientia 1987 Jul 15;43(7):801-13.
- Van Noorden S, Varndell IA. Regulatory peptide immunocytochemistry at light- and electron microscopical levels.. Experientia 1987 Jul 15;43(7):724-34.
- Ju G, Hökfelt T, Brodin E, Fahrenkrug J, Fischer JA, Frey P, Elde RP, Brown JC. Primary sensory neurons of the rat showing calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity and their relation to substance P-, somatostatin-, galanin-, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide- and cholecystokinin-immunoreactive ganglion cells.. Cell Tissue Res 1987 Feb;247(2):417-31.
- Shehab SA, Atkinson ME. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide increases in areas of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord from which other neuropeptides are depleted following peripheral axotomy.. Exp Brain Res 1986;62(2):422-30.
- Kawatani M, de Groat WC. A large proportion of afferent neurons innervating the uterine cervix of the cat contain VIP and other neuropeptides.. Cell Tissue Res 1991 Oct;266(1):191-6.
- Merighi A, Kar S, Gibson SJ, Ghidella S, Gobetto A, Peirone SM, Polak JM. The immunocytochemical distribution of seven peptides in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia of horse and pig.. Anat Embryol (Berl) 1990;181(3):271-80.
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