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Stem cells international2018; 2018; 4274361; doi: 10.1155/2018/4274361

The Effect of Chronic Inflammation and Oxidative and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Course of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Therapy.

Abstract: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is highly associated with a modern lifestyle. The prevalence of MetS has reached epidemic proportion and is still rising. The main cause of MetS and finally type 2 diabetes occurrence is excessive nutrient intake, lack of physical activity, and inflammatory cytokines secretion. These factors lead to redistribution of body fat and oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurrence, resulting in insulin resistance, increase adipocyte differentiation, and much elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Cellular therapies, especially mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation, seem to be promising in the MetS and type 2 diabetes treatments, due to their immunomodulatory effect and multipotent capacity; adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) play a crucial role in MSC-based cellular therapies. In this review, we focused on etiopathology of MetS, especially on the crosstalk between chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and ER stress and their effect on MetS-related disease occurrence, as well as future perspectives of cellular therapies. We also provide an overview of therapeutic approaches that target endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress.
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Publication Date: 2018-10-22 PubMed ID: 30425746PubMed Central: PMC6217741DOI: 10.1155/2018/4274361Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article is about the role of chronic inflammation and certain types of cellular stress in the development and treatment of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), a disease often linked with modern lifestyle habits. The study also examines the promising role cellular therapies, particularly mesenchymal stem cell transplantation, can play in treating MetS and related conditions like type 2 diabetes.

Etiopathology of MetS

  • The chief cause behind the onset of MetS, which often leads to type 2 diabetes, is excess consumption of nutrients, physical inactivity and secretion of inflammatory cytokines. These drivers result in the redistribution of body fat, and induce oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress. The latter two conditions contribute to insulin resistance, boost adipocyte differentiation, and result in considerably increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines.
  • This research emphasizes the complex relationship between chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress with the prevalence of diseases linked to MetS. Interfering with any of these processes could lead to a change in the body’s metabolic behavior, and hence impact the occurrence of metabolic syndrome-related diseases.

Cellular Therapies for MetS

  • The study discusses the potential of cellular therapies, specifically focusing on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation, for treating MetS and type 2 diabetes. MSCs have high relevance in this context due to their immunomodulatory properties and the ability to differentiate into various cells types.
  • Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), a type of MSC, play an essential role in these cell-based treatments. They can modulate immune responses and regenerate tissues, making them potent allies in combating MetS symptoms and its consequences.

Treatment Approaches Targeting ER and Oxidative Stress

  • Combating ER and oxidative stress forms part of the overall strategy to treat MetS. Assuaging these stress responses could help improve insulin sensitivity, reduce inflammation, and thus help manage or even reverse several MetS-related disorders.
  • The research article reviews several such therapeutic approaches, emphasizing their significant potential in not just treating MetS, but potentially preventing its onset in at-risk individuals.

Cite This Article

APA
Alicka M, Marycz K. (2018). The Effect of Chronic Inflammation and Oxidative and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Course of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Therapy. Stem Cells Int, 2018, 4274361. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4274361

Publication

Stem cells international
ISSN: 1687-966X
NlmUniqueID: 101535822
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 2018
Pages: 4274361
PII: 4274361

Researcher Affiliations

Alicka, Michalina
  • Department of Experimental Biology, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, University of Environmental and Life Sciences Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
Marycz, Krzysztof
  • Department of Experimental Biology, The Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, University of Environmental and Life Sciences Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic-Equine Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Gießen, Germany.

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