The effect of sedation on gastric emptying of a liquid marker in ponies.
Abstract: The effect of sedation on gastric emptying was evaluated in six ponies by monitoring serum concentrations of acetaminophen (AP) after intragastric administration. Methods: Prospective randomized experimental study. Methods: Six adult ponies, 135 to 275 kg. Methods: Fifteen minutes after the intravenous administration of xylazine (1 mg/kg), butorphanol (0.05 mg/kg), acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg) or saline, ponies were given AP (20 mg/kg in 350 mL water) by stomach tube. Blood for AP analysis was collected at baseline and 15, 30, 45, 75, 90, 105, and 120 minutes after AP administration. The time (Tmax) to reach peak serum concentration (Cmax), and the area under the AP serum concentration versus time curve (AUC) were determined for each treatment group. Results: Tmax was 31 mins in the control group, and this increased significantly (P<.05) after sedation. Cmax decreased (P<.05) after xylazine administration, and AUC decreased (P<.05) after acepromazine. Conclusions: This study indicated that sedation has a significant effect on the gastric emptying rate of a liquid in ponies.
Publication Date: 1999-09-24 PubMed ID: 10493642DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.1999.00375.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Clinical Trial
- Journal Article
- Randomized Controlled Trial
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This research explores how sedation could influence the rate at which the stomach of a pony empties a liquid marker, particularly acetaminophen (AP).
Objective and Methodology
- The research objective was to examine the impact of sedation on the gastric emptying in ponies. Serum concentrations of acetaminophen (AP) were monitored following intragastric administration to assess this.
- The study used a prospective randomized experimental design with six adult ponies ranging from 135 kg to 275 kg.
- The experiment was executed by administering xylazine, butorphanol, acepromazine, or saline intravenously to the ponies. Fifteen minutes later, AP was given through a stomach tube.
- To analyze AP, blood was collected at baseline and subsequently at regular intervals (15, 30, 45, 75, 90, 105, and 120 minutes) post AP administration.
Measurement and Outcome
- The critical parameters measured for each study group were the time (Tmax) taken to reach the peak serum concentration (Cmax), and the area under the AP serum concentration versus time curve (AUC).
- In the control group, Tmax was 31 minutes, and it increased significantly after sedation was administered. The peak serum concentration (Cmax) was observed to decrease following xylazine administration.
- Similarly, the area under the AP serum concentration versus time curve (AUC) fell after acepromazine was given.
Conclusion
- The research concludes that sedation evidently influences the rate of gastric emptying of a liquid in ponies. The critical measurements taken during the study demonstrate that this effect is significant and may have implications in veterinary practice.
Cite This Article
APA
Doherty TJ, Andrews FM, Provenza MK, Frazier DL.
(1999).
The effect of sedation on gastric emptying of a liquid marker in ponies.
Vet Surg, 28(5), 375-379.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950x.1999.00375.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville 37901-1071, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Acepromazine / pharmacology
- Acetaminophen / administration & dosage
- Acetaminophen / blood
- Acetaminophen / pharmacokinetics
- Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / pharmacology
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / administration & dosage
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / blood
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / pharmacokinetics
- Analgesics, Opioid / pharmacology
- Animals
- Antipsychotic Agents / pharmacology
- Area Under Curve
- Butorphanol / pharmacology
- Female
- Gastric Emptying / drug effects
- Horses / metabolism
- Hypnotics and Sedatives / pharmacology
- Intubation, Gastrointestinal / veterinary
- Prospective Studies
- Xylazine / pharmacology
Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Steinmann M, Bezugley RJ, Bond SL, Pomrantz JS, Léguillette R. A wireless endoscopy capsule suitable for imaging of the equine stomach and small intestine.. J Vet Intern Med 2020 Jul;34(4):1622-1630.
- Joss-Moore LA, Hagen-Lillevik SJ, Yost C, Jewell J, Wilkinson RD, Bowen S, Dahl MJ, Dong L, Wang Z, Presson AP, Zhang C, Null DM, Yoder BA, Albertine KH. Alveolar formation is dysregulated by restricted nutrition but not excess sedation in preterm lambs managed by noninvasive support.. Pediatr Res 2016 Nov;80(5):719-728.
- Elfenbein JR, Robertson SA, MacKay RJ, KuKanich B, Sanchez L. Systemic and anti-nociceptive effects of prolonged lidocaine, ketamine, and butorphanol infusions alone and in combination in healthy horses.. BMC Vet Res 2014;10 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S6.
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