FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2023; 13(5); doi: 10.3390/ani13050938

The Effect of Treatment with Oestradiol Benzoate on Oestrus Expression and Endometrial Oedema in Anovulatory and Cyclic Mares.

Abstract: Oestrogens treatment is often used to induce oestrus behaviour in anoestrous mares to aid in the collection of stallion semen and as recipient mares to receive embryos when combined with progesterone. However, there are no studies to describe the effect of dose and individual mare on the intensity and duration of the response, in both anoestrous and cyclic mares. In Experiment 1, 13 anoestrous mares were treated with one of five doses of oestradiol benzoate (OB) (1, 1.5, 2, 3 and 4 mg) per mare in five consecutive treatment periods (n = 65), to determine the response in terms of endometrial oedema and oestrous behaviour. Experiment 2 and 3 used 3 mg of OB in cyclic mares to confirm or deny the presence of an active corpus luteum (CL). There was a dose rate of OB and individual mare effect (p < 0.05) on the intensity and persistence of endometrial oedema and oestrous behaviour. A total of 2 mg OB was enough to induce endometrial oedema and oestrous behaviour within 48 h in most mares. Mares with an active CL did not show endometrial oedema following treatment of 3 mg OB.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2023-03-05 PubMed ID: 36899795PubMed Central: PMC10000200DOI: 10.3390/ani13050938Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research focuses on understanding the effect of different doses of the hormone oestradiol benzoate on inducing oestrus behaviour and endometrial oedema in anovulatory and cyclic mares for the convenience of semen collection and embryo transfer.

Objective of the Study

The primary aim of this study was to determine the impact of various doses of oestradiol benzoate (OB), a type of estrogen, on the initiation of oestrus behaviour and induction of endometrial oedema in both anovulatory (not ovulating) and cyclic (ovulating regularly) mares. There was also an interest in the investigation of the intensity and duration of the response, which has been previously unstudied.

Methodology

In the first experiment:

  • 13 anovulatory mares were administered one of the five predetermined doses of OB (1, 1.5, 2, 3, and 4 mg) in five following treatment cycles (totalling 65 administrations).
  • The response, in terms of endometrial oedema (swelling of the uterus lining) and oestrous behaviour (actions indicating readiness for mating), was observed and recorded.

In the second and third experiments:

  • 3 mg of OB was administered to cyclic mares.
  • The presence or absence of a corpus luteum (CL, the structure that develops after ovulation) was noted.

Results

From the results it was clear that OB dose rate and individual mare attributes greatly influenced the severity and consistency of endometrial oedema and oestrous behaviour.

  • It was found that 2 mg OB was enough to induce endometrial oedema and oestrous behaviour within 48 hours in most mares.
  • Mares with an active CL did not display endometrial oedema when treated with 3 mg of OB, possibly indicating a hormonal resistance during the active luteal phase.

In essence, this study provides pivotal data on the application of hormone therapy in breeding and veterinary practices, setting guidelines on the optimal treatment dosage for inducing oestrus behaviour in mares.

Cite This Article

APA
Silva ESM, Newcombe JR, Cuervo-Arango J. (2023). The Effect of Treatment with Oestradiol Benzoate on Oestrus Expression and Endometrial Oedema in Anovulatory and Cyclic Mares. Animals (Basel), 13(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13050938

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 13
Issue: 5

Researcher Affiliations

Silva, Elisa S M
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia 38408-100, Brazil.
Newcombe, John R
  • Warren House Farm, Equine Fertility Clinic, Brownhills WS8 6LU, UK.
Cuervo-Arango, Juan
  • Equine Fertility Group, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

This article includes 32 references
  1. Ginther OJ. Sexual Behavior. 1992;pp. 75–104.
  2. Nett TM, Pickett BW, Seidel JGE, Voss JL. Levels of Luteinizing Hormone and Progesterone During the Estrous Cycle and Early Pregnancy in Mares. Biol. Reprod. 1976;14:412–415.
    doi: 10.1095/biolreprod14.4.412pubmed: 1276308google scholar: lookup
  3. Makawiti DW, Allen WE, Kilpatrick MJ. Changes in oestrone sulphate concentrations in peripheral plasma of Pony mares associated with follicular growth, ovulation and early pregnancy. Reproduction 1983;68:481–487.
    doi: 10.1530/jrf.0.0680481pubmed: 6864665google scholar: lookup
  4. Pelehach LM, Sharp DC, Porter MB, Dixon LN, McDowell KJ. Role of oestrogen and progesterone in the control of uterine edema in pony mares. Biol. Reprod. 2000;62:258.
  5. Pelehach LM, Greaves HE, Porter MB, Desvousges A, Sharp DC. The role of estrogens and progesterone in the induction and dissipation of uterine edema in mares. Theriogenology 2002;54:441–444.
  6. Samper JC. Ultrasonographic appearance and the pattern of uterine edema to time ovulation in mares. Proc. Annu. Conv. Am. Equine 1997;43:189–191.
  7. Cuervo-Arango J, Newcombe JR. Repeatability of preovulatory follicular diameter and uterine edema pattern in two consecutive cycles in the mare and how they are influenced by ovulation inductors. Theriogenology 2008;69:681–687.
    doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.11.019pubmed: 18242672google scholar: lookup
  8. Nelson E, Kiefer B, Roser J, Evans J. Serum estradiol-17β concentrations during spontaneous silent estrus and after prostaglandin treatment in the mare. Theriogenology 1985;23:241–262.
    doi: 10.1016/0093-691X(85)90028-7pubmed: 16725995google scholar: lookup
  9. Mateu-Sánchez S, Newcombe JR, Garcés-Narro C, Cuervo-Arango J. The period of the follicular phase during which the uterus of mares shows estrus-like echotexture influences the subsequent pregnancy rate. Theriogenology 2016;86:1506–1515.
    doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.05.009pubmed: 27298152google scholar: lookup
  10. Silva E, Roser J, Gomes A, Fritsch S, Pantoja J, Oliveira-Filho J, Meira C. Comparison of different regimens of estradiol benzoate treatments followed by long-acting progesterone to prepare noncycling mares as embryo recipients. Theriogenology 2016;86:1749–1756.
    doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.05.041pubmed: 27494983google scholar: lookup
  11. Greco GM, Gonçalves Burlamaqui FL, Pinna AE, de Queiroz FJR, dos Santos Cunha MP, Brandão FZ. Use of long-acting progesterone to acyclic embryo recipient mares. Braz. J. Anim. Sci. 2012;41:607–611.
    doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982012000300019google scholar: lookup
  12. Rocha Filho AN, Pessôa MA, Gioso MM, Alvarenga MA. Transfer of equine embryos into anovulatory recipients supplemented with short or long acting progesterone. Anim. Reprod. 2004;1:91–95.
  13. Botelho JH, Pessoa GO, Rocha LG, Yeste M. Hormone supplementation protocol using estradiol benzoate and long-acting progesterone is efficient in maintaining pregnancy of anovulatory recipient mares during autumn transitional phase. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 2015;153:39–43.
    doi: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.12.014pubmed: 25578506google scholar: lookup
  14. Burns PJ, Douglas RH. Effects of daily administration of estradiol-17 beta on follicular growth, ovulation, and plasma hormones in mares. Biol. Reprod. 1981;24:1026–1031.
    doi: 10.1095/biolreprod24.5.1026pubmed: 6791712google scholar: lookup
  15. Hochberg RB, Pahuja SL, Zielinski JE, Larner JM. Steroidal fatty acid esters. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 1991;40:577–585.
    doi: 10.1016/0960-0760(91)90279-Epubmed: 1835647google scholar: lookup
  16. Asa CS, Goldfoot DA, Garcia MC, Ginther OJ. The effect of estradiol and progesterone on the sexual behavior of ovariectomized mares. Physiol. Behav. 1984;33:681–686.
    doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(84)90031-3pubmed: 6543013google scholar: lookup
  17. Newcombe JR, Wilsher S, Cuervo-Arango J. The post-ovulatory rise in progesterone is lower and the persistence of oestrous behaviour longer during the first compared with the second cycle of the breeding season in mares. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 2023;58:141–145.
    doi: 10.1111/rda.14273pmc: PMC10091980pubmed: 36177828google scholar: lookup
  18. Cuervo-Arango J, Martín-Peláez MS, Claes AN. A practical guide to estimate the age of the early CL by ultrasonography in mares examined for the first time to be used as recipients in a commercial embryo transfer program. Theriogenology 2020;153:48–53.
    doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.05.003pubmed: 32417611google scholar: lookup
  19. Thompson DL. Anestrus. Equine Reproduction 2011;p. 1697.
  20. Love CC. Semen collection techniques. Vet. Clin. N. Am. Equine Pract. 1992;8:111–128.
    doi: 10.1016/S0749-0739(17)30470-4pubmed: 1576545google scholar: lookup
  21. Silva E, Ignácio F, Fritsch S, Zanoni D, Pantoja J, Oliveira-Filho J, Meira C. Administration of 2.5 mg of estradiol followed by 1500 mg of progesterone to anovulatory mares promote similar uterine morphology, hormone concentrations and molecular dynamics to those observed in cyclic mares. Theriogenology 2017;97:159–169.
    doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.04.031pubmed: 28583600google scholar: lookup
  22. Loy RG, Swan SM. Effects of exogenous progesterone on reproductive phenomena in mares. J. Anim. Sci. 1966;25:821–826.
    doi: 10.2527/jas1966.253821xpubmed: 5968673google scholar: lookup
  23. Bergfelt DR, Pierson RA, Ginther OJ. Regression and resurgence of the CL following PGF2alpha treatment 3 days after ovulation in mares. Theriogenology 2006;65:1605–1619.
    doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.08.024pubmed: 16242763google scholar: lookup
  24. Cuervo-Arango J, Newcombe J. Relationship Between Dose of Cloprostenol and Age of Corpus Luteum on the Luteolytic Response of Early Dioestrous Mares: A Field Study. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 2011;47:660–665.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01940.xpubmed: 22050446google scholar: lookup
  25. Cuervo-Arango J, Claes AN, Ruijter-Villani M, Stout TA. Likelihood of pregnancy after embryo transfer is reduced in recipient mares with a short preceding oestrus. Equine Veter. J. 2017;50:386–390.
    doi: 10.1111/evj.12739pubmed: 28796907google scholar: lookup
  26. Cuervo-Arango J, Mateu-Sánchez S, Aguilar JJ, Nielsen JM, Etcharren V, Vettorazzi ML, Newcombe JR. The effect of the interval from PGF treatment to ovulation on embryo recovery and pregnancy rate in the mare. Theriogenology 2015;83:1272–1278.
    doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.01.010pubmed: 25666044google scholar: lookup
  27. Cuervo-Arango J, Claes AN, Stout TAE. In vitro-produced horse embryos exhibit a very narrow window of acceptable recipient mare uterine synchrony compared with in vivo-derived embryos. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 2019;31:1904–1911.
    doi: 10.1071/RD19294pubmed: 31587698google scholar: lookup
  28. Oquendo PS, Silva ESM, Oquendo FMG, Cuervo-Arango J, Beletti ME. The effect of priming and duration of oestradiol benzoate treatment before progesterone administration on embryo development and survival in anestrous recipient mares. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 2022;57:1474–1477.
    doi: 10.1111/rda.14220pmc: PMC9804769pubmed: 35903940google scholar: lookup
  29. Watson ED. Post-breeding endometritis in the mare. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 2000;60:221–232.
    doi: 10.1016/S0378-4320(00)00110-Xpubmed: 10844197google scholar: lookup
  30. Canisso IF, Stewart J, Coutinho da Silva MA. Endometritis: Managing Persistent Post-Breeding Endometritis. Vet. Clin. Equine Pract. 2016;32:465–480.
    doi: 10.1016/j.cveq.2016.08.004pubmed: 27810036google scholar: lookup
  31. Katila T, Ferreira-Dias G. Evolution of the Concepts of Endometrosis, Post Breeding Endometritis, and Susceptibility of Mares. Animals 2022;12:779.
    doi: 10.3390/ani12060779pmc: PMC8944725pubmed: 35327176google scholar: lookup
  32. Ginther OJ, Gastal EL, Gastal MO, Beg MA. Dynamics of the equine preovulatory follicle and periovulatory hormones: What’s new?. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 2008;28:454–460.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2008.07.008google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 0 times.
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,727 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.