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Influenza and other respiratory viruses2013; 7 Suppl 4(Suppl 4); 73-80; doi: 10.1111/irv.12195

The evaluation of a nucleoprotein ELISA for the detection of equine influenza antibodies and the differentiation of infected from vaccinated horses (DIVA).

Abstract: Antibodies against equine influenza virus (EIV) are traditionally quantified by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) or single radial haemolysis (SRH). Objective: To evaluate an ELISA for the detection of antibodies against influenza nucleoprotein in the diagnosis and surveillance of equine influenza (EI). Methods: The ELISA was compared with the SRH and HI tests. Serial serum samples from 203 naturally and 14 experimentally infected horses, from 60 weanlings following primary vaccination with five different vaccines (two whole inactivated vaccines, two ISCOM-based subunit vaccines and a recombinant canarypox virus vaccine) and from 44 adult horses following annual booster vaccination with six different vaccines were analysed. Results: Fewer seroconversions were detected in clinical samples by ELISA than by SRH or HI but ELISA was more sensitive than SRH in naïve foals post-experimental infection. The ELISA did not detect the antibody response to vaccination with the recombinant canarypox virus vaccine confirming the usefulness of the combination of this kit and vaccine to differentiate between naturally infected and vaccinated horses, that is, DIVA. No DIVA capacity was evident with the other vaccines. Conclusions: The results suggest that this ELISA is a useful supplementary test for the diagnosis of EI although less sensitive than HI or SRH. It is an appropriate test for EI surveillance in a naïve population and may be combined with the recombinant canarypox virus vaccine but not with other commercially available subunit vaccines, in a DIVA strategy.
© 2013 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
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Publication Date: 2013-11-28 PubMed ID: 24224822PubMed Central: PMC5655885DOI: 10.1111/irv.12195Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article focuses on the evaluation of a diagnostic test, called ELISA, for the detection of antibodies against equine influenza virus (EIV). The study also evaluates the tool’s capacity for differentiating between horses that are infected with EIV and those vaccinated against it.

Objective and Methodology

  • The main objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of an ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) in detecting antibodies against the influenza nucleoprotein for diagnosing equine influenza (EI).
  • The researchers of the study compared ELISA with haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and single radial haemolysis (SRH) tests, which are traditional methods for quantitative analysis of antibodies against EIV.
  • The research used serial serum samples from horses in different categories: naturally infected, experimentally infected, weanlings post-vaccination, and adult horses post-annual booster vaccination. Different types of vaccines were used in the study for comparison.

Findings

  • The findings of the research indicate that the ELISA test detected fewer seroconversions in clinical samples compared to the SRH and HI methods. This means that although ELISA can detect antibodies in cases of equine influenza, it is less sensitive than the traditional tests.
  • However, ELISA was found to be more sensitive than SRH in naïve foals post-experimental infection indicating that it may be a more efficient testing method in certain cases.
  • The researchers also found that ELISA did not detect an antibody response to a type of vaccine (recombinant canarypox virus vaccine), which indicates its potential for use in a DIVA (Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals) strategy. That means using this combination of testing (ELISA) and vaccine, it is possible to differentiate between horses that are naturally infected and vaccinated ones. However, no such DIVA capacity was noted with other vaccines.

Conclusion

  • The overall conclusion of the research is that ELISA can be a supplementary test for EI diagnosis, although it’s less sensitive than the traditional methods. The study highlights ELISA’s appropriateness for use in EI surveillance issues, especially in a naïve population.
  • The research also points out that ELISA can be combined with certain vaccines and not with others, specifically the recombinant canarypox virus vaccine, for use in a DIVA strategy.

Cite This Article

APA
Galvin P, Gildea S, Arkins S, Walsh C, Cullinane A. (2013). The evaluation of a nucleoprotein ELISA for the detection of equine influenza antibodies and the differentiation of infected from vaccinated horses (DIVA). Influenza Other Respir Viruses, 7 Suppl 4(Suppl 4), 73-80. https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.12195

Publication

Influenza and other respiratory viruses
ISSN: 1750-2659
NlmUniqueID: 101304007
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 7 Suppl 4
Issue: Suppl 4
Pages: 73-80

Researcher Affiliations

Galvin, Pamela
  • The Irish Equine Centre, Johnstown, Naas, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
Gildea, Sarah
    Arkins, Sean
      Walsh, Cathal
        Cullinane, Ann

          MeSH Terms

          • Animals
          • Antibodies, Viral / blood
          • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / methods
          • Horse Diseases / immunology
          • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
          • Horse Diseases / virology
          • Horses
          • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / genetics
          • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / immunology
          • Influenza Vaccines / administration & dosage
          • Influenza Vaccines / genetics
          • Influenza Vaccines / immunology
          • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / immunology
          • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / prevention & control
          • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
          • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / virology
          • Vaccination
          • Viral Core Proteins / administration & dosage
          • Viral Core Proteins / genetics
          • Viral Core Proteins / immunology

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