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Home / Equine Research Bank / Genetics / The Evolutionary Origin and Genetic Makeup of Domestic Horse...
Genetics2016; 204(2); 423-434; doi: 10.1534/genetics.116.194860

The Evolutionary Origin and Genetic Makeup of Domestic Horses.

Abstract: The horse was domesticated only 5.5 KYA, thousands of years after dogs, cattle, pigs, sheep, and goats. The horse nonetheless represents the domestic animal that most impacted human history; providing us with rapid transportation, which has considerably changed the speed and magnitude of the circulation of goods and people, as well as their cultures and diseases. By revolutionizing warfare and agriculture, horses also deeply influenced the politico-economic trajectory of human societies. Reciprocally, human activities have circled back on the recent evolution of the horse, by creating hundreds of domestic breeds through selective programs, while leading all wild populations to near extinction. Despite being tightly associated with humans, several aspects in the evolution of the domestic horse remain controversial. Here, we review recent advances in comparative genomics and paleogenomics that helped advance our understanding of the genetic foundation of domestic horses.
Copyright © 2016 by the Genetics Society of America.
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Publication Date: 2016-10-13 PubMed ID: 27729493PubMed Central: PMC5068837DOI: 10.1534/genetics.116.194860Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article explores the historical domestication of horses, the impact this had on human civilization, and how human activity has further shaped horse evolution. It also covers current academic debates in the field, as well as new findings derived from studies in comparative and paleogenomics about the genetic makeup of domestic horses.

Historical Domestication of Horses

  • The research highlights that horses were domesticated merely 5.5 thousand years ago, long after dogs, cattle, pigs, sheep, and goats have been tamed by humanity.
  • It underscores the importance of this late domestication, explaining that horses have arguably had the most significant impact on human history out of all domesticated animals.
  • The study lists rapid transportation, increased circulation of goods and people, cultural exchange, spread of diseases, war, and agriculture as some key areas where horses have played a pivotal role.

Human Influence on Horse Evolution

  • Humans’ interaction with horses hasn’t just been a one-way street. The research shows how human activity has influenced the evolution of the horse in return.
  • Through targeted breeding programs, humans have created hundreds of domestic horse breeds, each one with its unique characteristics.
  • Conversely, human activity has also pushed all wild horse populations to near extinction.

Controversies and Advances in Horse Evolution Studies

  • The paper recognizes that, despite this intertwined history, many aspects surrounding the evolution of the domestic horse remain open to debate.
  • It then goes on to discuss recent advances in comparative genomics and paleogenomics, which are fields of study that involve comparing the genes of different species and studying ancient DNA, respectively.
  • Such research has contributed to a deeper understanding of the genetic makeup of domestic horses, helping contribute to the scholarly debate.

Cite This Article

APA
Librado P, Fages A, Gaunitz C, Leonardi M, Wagner S, Khan N, Hanghøj K, Alquraishi SA, Alfarhan AH, Al-Rasheid KA, Der Sarkissian C, Schubert M, Orlando L. (2016). The Evolutionary Origin and Genetic Makeup of Domestic Horses. Genetics, 204(2), 423-434. https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.116.194860

Publication

Genetics
ISSN: 1943-2631
NlmUniqueID: 0374636
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 204
Issue: 2
Pages: 423-434

Researcher Affiliations

Librado, Pablo
  • Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350K, Denmark.
Fages, Antoine
  • Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350K, Denmark Laboratoire Anthropobiologie Moléculaire et d'Imagerie de Synthèse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5288, Université Paul Sabatier (Toulouse III), 31000 Toulouse, France.
Gaunitz, Charleen
  • Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350K, Denmark.
Leonardi, Michela
  • Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350K, Denmark.
Wagner, Stefanie
  • Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350K, Denmark Biodiversité Gènes et Communautés UMR1202, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-33610 Cestas, France Biodiversité Gènes et Communautés UMR1202, Université de Bordeaux, F-33170 Talence, France.
Khan, Naveed
  • Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350K, Denmark Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan.
Hanghøj, Kristian
  • Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350K, Denmark Laboratoire Anthropobiologie Moléculaire et d'Imagerie de Synthèse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5288, Université Paul Sabatier (Toulouse III), 31000 Toulouse, France.
Alquraishi, Saleh A
  • Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Alfarhan, Ahmed H
  • Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Al-Rasheid, Khaled A
  • Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Der Sarkissian, Clio
  • Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350K, Denmark.
Schubert, Mikkel
  • Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350K, Denmark.
Orlando, Ludovic
  • Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350K, Denmark Laboratoire Anthropobiologie Moléculaire et d'Imagerie de Synthèse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5288, Université Paul Sabatier (Toulouse III), 31000 Toulouse, France Lorlando@snm.ku.dk.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Animals, Domestic / genetics
  • Biological Evolution
  • Cattle
  • Dogs
  • Horses / genetics
  • Humans
  • Selective Breeding / genetics

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