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Home / Equine Research Bank / Genes (Basel) / The Genetic Diversity of Stallions of Different Breeds in Ru...
Genes2023; 14(7); doi: 10.3390/genes14071511

The Genetic Diversity of Stallions of Different Breeds in Russia.

Abstract: The specifics of breeding and selection significantly affect genetic diversity and variability within a breed. We present the data obtained from the genetic analysis of 21 thoroughbred and warmblood horse breeds. The most detailed information is described from the following breeds: Arabian, Trakehner, French Trotter, Standardbred, and Soviet Heavy Horse. The analysis of 509,617 SNP variants in 87 stallions from 21 populations made it possible to estimate the genetic diversity at the genome-wide level and distinguish the studied horse breeds from each other. In this study, we searched for heterozygous and homozygous ROH regions, evaluated inbreeding using FROH analysis, and generated a population structure using Admixture 1.3 software. Our findings indicate that the Arabian breed is an ancestor of many horse breeds. The study of the full-genome architectonics of breeds is of great practical importance for preserving the genetic characteristics of breeds and managing breeding. Studies were carried out to determine homozygous regions in individual breeds and search for candidate genes in these regions. Fifty-six candidate genes for the influence of selection pressure were identified. Our research reveals genetic diversity consistent with breeding directions and the breeds' history of origin.
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Publication Date: 2023-07-24 PubMed ID: 37510415PubMed Central: PMC10378902DOI: 10.3390/genes14071511Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study explores the genetic diversity and specific characteristics of various horse breeds in Russia, examining over half a million Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) variants in 87 stallions across 21 breeds. The research establishes relationships between different equine breeds, highlighting the Arabian horse as a common ancestry. In addition, the study identified genes potentially influenced by selection pressures and provides valuable insights into breed origins and breeding strategies.

Study Design and Data Collection

  • The study centers around genetic exploration of 21 thoroughbred and warmblood horse breeds, primarily focusing on Arabian, Trakehner, French Trotter, Standardbred, and Soviet Heavy Horse breeds.
  • Researchers analyzed 509,617 SNP variants from 87 stallions across the different breeds. This massive data set allowed for an understanding of the genome-wide level of horse breeds and their distinctive variances.
  • The research effort aimed to locate homogenous and heterogenous Runs of Homozygosity (ROH) regions and evaluated inbreeding using the method called FROH analysis. This method helps identify regions with a consecutive string of similar genes in a line of horses and is commonly used to examine genetic diversity in a population.

Genetic Analysis and Software Used

  • Genetic analysis was carried out through the Admixture 1.3 software, a software tool that employs a statistical method to extract meaningful information about population structure and ancestry.
  • Using this software, the team generated a population structure that provided insights into the genetic interconnections among different horse breeds.

Key Findings and Future Perspectives

  • The findings indicate that the Arabian breed is a common ancestor of many horse breeds, underscoring its importance in the genus.
  • This study also went beyond identifying genetic traits and looked for candidate genes influenced by selection pressure. Here, selection pressure refers to the different environmental factors that can cause specific traits to become more prevalent in a population over time. This research uncovered 56 genes that were likely influenced by selection pressure.
  • The researchers highlight that understanding the full-genome architecture of breeds has significant practical implications. It aids in preserving the unique genetic characteristics of various breeds and provides insights for managing breeding processes effectively.
  • The research also has implications for the ongoing efforts to preserve equine biodiversity, and it offers areas of further exploration for genetic research in the context of breed preservation and development.

Cite This Article

APA
Dementieva N, Nikitkina E, Shcherbakov Y, Nikolaeva O, Mitrofanova O, Ryabova A, Atroshchenko M, Makhmutova O, Zaitsev A. (2023). The Genetic Diversity of Stallions of Different Breeds in Russia. Genes (Basel), 14(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14071511

Publication

Genes
ISSN: 2073-4425
NlmUniqueID: 101551097
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 14
Issue: 7

Researcher Affiliations

Dementieva, Natalia
  • Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding-Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, 55A, Moskovskoye Sh., Tyarlevo, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196625, Russia.
Nikitkina, Elena
  • Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding-Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, 55A, Moskovskoye Sh., Tyarlevo, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196625, Russia.
Shcherbakov, Yuri
  • Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding-Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, 55A, Moskovskoye Sh., Tyarlevo, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196625, Russia.
Nikolaeva, Olga
  • Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding-Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, 55A, Moskovskoye Sh., Tyarlevo, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196625, Russia.
Mitrofanova, Olga
  • Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding-Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, 55A, Moskovskoye Sh., Tyarlevo, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196625, Russia.
Ryabova, Anna
  • Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding-Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, 55A, Moskovskoye Sh., Tyarlevo, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196625, Russia.
Atroshchenko, Mikhail
  • All-Russian Research Institute of Horse Breeding (ARRIH), Ryazan Region, Divovo, Rybnovskij District 391105, Russia.
Makhmutova, Oksana
  • All-Russian Research Institute of Horse Breeding (ARRIH), Ryazan Region, Divovo, Rybnovskij District 391105, Russia.
Zaitsev, Alexander
  • All-Russian Research Institute of Horse Breeding (ARRIH), Ryazan Region, Divovo, Rybnovskij District 391105, Russia.

MeSH Terms

  • Horses / genetics
  • Animals
  • Male
  • Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / genetics
  • Homozygote
  • Inbreeding
  • Genome
  • Russia

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 4 times.
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