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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Comp Pathol / The histological features of the immune system of the equine...
Journal of comparative pathology1987; 97(5); 575-586; doi: 10.1016/0021-9975(87)90008-9

The histological features of the immune system of the equine respiratory tract.

Abstract: The distribution of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue along the equine respiratory tract was surveyed in light microscopical sections. Intra-epithelial lymphocytes and similar cells scattered in the lamina propria were identified in all sites from the nasal vestibule to bronchioles of 2 to 4 mm diameter. Isolated lymphoid patches, occasionally with nodules, were common in bronchioles, but the density of this bronchiole-associated lymphoid tissue (BRALT) varied between individual horses. Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) was infrequently encountered. In the upper respiratory tract, nodules dispersed within the nasal cavity, nasopharynx and near the auditory tube merit the collective term, nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT). Laryngeal- and tracheal-associated lymphoid tissue (LTALT) was also identified, but this was limited to the epiglottis, arytenoid and rostral trachea. At all sites, the discrete lymphoid masses comprise primary or secondary nodules, a parafollicular and a dome area. The airway lining above was frequently modified into a lympho-epithelium and also showed varied patterns of infolding which might enhance antigen trapping.
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Publication Date: 1987-09-01 PubMed ID: 3680645DOI: 10.1016/0021-9975(87)90008-9Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The article researches the distribution and composition of lymphoid tissue in the respiratory tract of horses. The findings contribute to an understanding of the horse’s immune response to respiratory infections.

Research Methodology

  • The study involves an examination of the equine respiratory tract under a light microscope, focusing on the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue.
  • This lymphoid tissue ranges from the nasal vestibule to bronchioles of 2 to 4 mm diameter and consists of intra-epithelial lymphocytes and similar cells scattered in the lamina propria.

Findings on Bronchiole-associated lymphoid tissue (BRALT)

  • The researchers found isolated lymphoid patches, occasionally with nodules, frequently in bronchioles.
  • However, the density of this BRALT varied between individual horses.
  • The Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) was less commonly encountered in horses.

Findings on Nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT)

  • Within the upper respiratory tract, nodules were dispersed within the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, and near the auditory tube.
  • These nodules collectively are referred to as nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT).

Findings on Laryngeal- and tracheal-associated lymphoid tissue (LTALT)

  • Laryngeal- and tracheal-associated lymphoid tissue (LTALT) was also identified.
  • However, this tissue was limited to the epiglottis, arytenoid, and rostral trachea.

Nature of Lymphoid Masses

  • The researchers found that, regardless of location, the discrete lymphoid masses comprise primary or secondary nodules, a parafollicular and a dome area.
  • The airway lining above these masses demonstrated modifications into a lympho-epithelium and varied patterns of infolding, which could enhance antigen trapping.

This research on the histological features of the immune system of the equine respiratory tract provides critical insights into the horse’s immune response mechanism against respiratory infections. The variations within bronchioles and between individual horses hint at the complexities and dynamic nature of the equine immune system.

Cite This Article

APA
Mair TS, Batten EH, Stokes CR, Bourne FJ. (1987). The histological features of the immune system of the equine respiratory tract. J Comp Pathol, 97(5), 575-586. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9975(87)90008-9

Publication

Journal of comparative pathology
ISSN: 0021-9975
NlmUniqueID: 0102444
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 97
Issue: 5
Pages: 575-586

Researcher Affiliations

Mair, T S
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bristol, School of Veterinary Science, Langford, U.K.
Batten, E H
    Stokes, C R
      Bourne, F J

        MeSH Terms

        • Animals
        • Epithelial Cells
        • Female
        • Horses / immunology
        • Lymphocytes / cytology
        • Lymphocytes / immunology
        • Male
        • Mucous Membrane / cytology
        • Mucous Membrane / immunology
        • Organ Specificity
        • Respiratory System / cytology
        • Respiratory System / immunology

        Citations

        This article has been cited 10 times.
        1. Lv M, Chen X, Huang X, Liu N, Wang W, Liu H. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Sexual Disparities between Olfactory and Immune Gene Expression in the Olfactory Epithelium of Megalobrama amblycephala.. Int J Mol Sci 2021 Dec 1;22(23).
          doi: 10.3390/ijms222313017pubmed: 34884822google scholar: lookup
        2. Schwieder A, Pfarrer C, Ohnesorge B, Staszyk C, Bienert-Zeit A. Comparative studies on the histological characteristics of equine nasomaxillary aperture and paranasal sinus mucosa considering topographic and age-related differences.. Acta Vet Scand 2020 Jun 23;62(1):34.
          doi: 10.1186/s13028-020-00534-2pubmed: 32576268google scholar: lookup
        3. Van Cleemput J, Poelaert KCK, Laval K, Nauwynck HJ. Unravelling the first key steps in equine herpesvirus type 5 (EHV5) pathogenesis using ex vivo and in vitro equine models.. Vet Res 2019 Feb 18;50(1):13.
          doi: 10.1186/s13567-019-0630-6pubmed: 30777128google scholar: lookup
        4. Sano Y, Okamoto M, Ootsuka Y, Matsuda K, Yusa S, Taniyama H. Blindness associated with nasal/paranasal lymphoma in a stallion.. J Vet Med Sci 2017 Mar 23;79(3):579-583.
          doi: 10.1292/jvms.16-0537pubmed: 28163275google scholar: lookup
        5. Indu VR, Lucy KM, Chungath JJ, Ashok N, Maya S. Histology and scanning electron microscopy of the tubal tonsil of goats.. Vet World 2015 Aug;8(8):1011-4.
          doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.1011-1014pubmed: 27047190google scholar: lookup
        6. Sepahi A, Salinas I. The evolution of nasal immune systems in vertebrates.. Mol Immunol 2016 Jan;69:131-8.
          doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.09.008pubmed: 26391349google scholar: lookup
        7. Kang H, Yan M, Yu Q, Yang Q. Characteristics of nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) and nasal absorption capacity in chicken.. PLoS One 2013;8(12):e84097.
          doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084097pubmed: 24391892google scholar: lookup
        8. Mealey RH, Leib SR, Littke MH, Wagner B, Horohov DW, McGuire TC. Viral load and clinical disease enhancement associated with a lentivirus cytotoxic T lymphocyte vaccine regimen.. Vaccine 2009 Apr 21;27(18):2453-68.
          doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.02.048pubmed: 19368787google scholar: lookup
        9. Jeong KI, Suzuki H, Nakayama H, Doi K. Ultrastructural study on the follicle-associated epithelium of nasal-associated lymphoid tissue in specific pathogen-free (SPF) and conventional environment-adapted (SPF-CV) rats.. J Anat 2000 Apr;196 ( Pt 3)(Pt 3):443-51.
          doi: 10.1046/j.1469-7580.2000.19630443.xpubmed: 10853966google scholar: lookup
        10. Heritage PL, Brook MA, Underdown BJ, McDermott MR. Intranasal immunization with polymer-grafted microparticles activates the nasal-associated lymphoid tissue and draining lymph nodes.. Immunology 1998 Feb;93(2):249-56.
          doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1998.00420.xpubmed: 9616375google scholar: lookup
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