The Industrial Residue of Andiroba (Carapa sp.): A Promising Source of Natural Acaricides Against Dermacentor nitens (Acari: Ixodidae).
Abstract: (tropical horse tick) is a tick species commonly found parasitizing horses and other equids in the Amazon region, causing economic losses. Currently, tick control is based on chemical acaricides, usually in a power formulation for topical use. However, its indiscriminate use results in the emergence of resistant tick lineages. Several plant compounds have been tested for their acaricide activity. In the Amazon, several plants are used for oil extraction, resulting in the production of solid residue (waste) that may contain chemical molecules with biological activities. Thus, we aimed to test the in vitro acaricidal potential of the ethanolic extract of the industrial residue of andiroba ( sp.) against . In a larval immersion test (LIT), larvae were tested with 2.5%, 5%, and 10% andiroba extract concentrations in three replicates. Subsequently, the envelopes were kept in a BOD chamber (28 °C ± 1 °C; 80% ± 5% humidity) for 24 h. At the end of this period, live and dead larvae were counted, and efficiency was calculated from the mortality rate caused by the extract and corrected by the Abbot formula. In the three repetitions, the andiroba extract at a concentration of 5% caused the death of 100% of the larvae. At concentrations of 2.5% and 10%, they caused the death of, respectively, 12.38% (±3.5%) and 69.79% (±7.98%) of the larvae. These results indicate that the extract from the industrial residue from the production of andiroba oil has acaricidal activity. It is concluded that the solid waste from industrial andiroba oil extraction has the potential for the development of natural acaricides against .
Publication Date: 2025-04-29 PubMed ID: 40431515PubMed Central: PMC12115955DOI: 10.3390/vetsci12050421Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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This research article explores the potential of using industrial waste from andiroba oil extraction as a natural acaricide against Dermacentor nitens, a tick species that commonly affects horses in the Amazon region.
Introduction
- The research focuses on the problem of Dermacentor nitens, a species of tick known for parasitising horses and other equids in the Amazon region, leading to economic losses.
- Control of these ticks currently relies on chemical acaricides, but their indiscriminate use has led to resistant tick lineages.
- Given this, the researchers explore the use of plant compounds that have acaricidal activity. In particular, they look at the waste from the extraction of andiroba oil which may contain such active compounds.
Methodology
- The researchers used an ethanolic extract from the industrial waste of andiroba oil and tested its acaricidal potential in a laboratory setting.
- A larval immersion test (LIT) was used where Dermacentor nitens larvae were exposed to the andiroba extract at concentrations of 2.5%, 5%, and 10%. This was done in three replicates to ensure the reliability of results.
- The larvae were then kept in a BOD chamber with controlled temperature and humidity conditions for 24 hours.
- At the end of this period, live and dead larvae were counted and the effectiveness of the andiroba extract was calculated based on the mortality rate, corrected by the Abbot formula.
Results
- The test found that the andiroba extract at a concentration of 5% killed all the larvae.
- At concentrations of 2.5% and 10%, the andiroba extract resulted in the death of 12.38% and 69.79% of the larvae respectively.
- Thus, the results indicate that the waste from andiroba oil production has acaricidal activity.
Conclusion
- Given the experimental results, the researchers concluded that the industrial residue from andiroba oil extraction shows promising potential in the development of natural acaricides against Dermacentor nitens.
- The findings present a dual advantage – finding a purpose for industrial waste while simultaneously providing a solution to the problem of ticks affecting horses in the Amazon region.
Cite This Article
APA
Bianchi D, Santos RRD, Peleja PL, de Sousa ABB, da Silva Evangelista M, de Almeida Júnior JS, Barata LES, Moraes WP, Minervino AHH.
(2025).
The Industrial Residue of Andiroba (Carapa sp.): A Promising Source of Natural Acaricides Against Dermacentor nitens (Acari: Ixodidae).
Vet Sci, 12(5), 421.
https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12050421 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- PhD Program Society, Nature and Development, PPGSND, Federal University of Western Pará, UFOPA, Santarém 68040-255, PA, Brazil.
- PhD Program Society, Nature and Development, PPGSND, Federal University of Western Pará, UFOPA, Santarém 68040-255, PA, Brazil.
- PhD Program Society, Nature and Development, PPGSND, Federal University of Western Pará, UFOPA, Santarém 68040-255, PA, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Animal Health, LARSANA, Federal University of Western Pará, UFOPA, Santarém 68040-255, PA, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Animal Health, LARSANA, Federal University of Western Pará, UFOPA, Santarém 68040-255, PA, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, UFOPA, Santarém 68040-255, PA, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, UFOPA, Santarém 68040-255, PA, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, UFOPA, Santarém 68040-255, PA, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Animal Health, LARSANA, Federal University of Western Pará, UFOPA, Santarém 68040-255, PA, Brazil.
Grant Funding
- 036/2021 / Fapespa
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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