The influence of furosemide on plasma elimination and urinary excretion of drugs in standardbred horses.
Abstract: A study of the effects of intravenous administration of either 150 mg or 250 mg of furosemide to standardbred mares pre-treated with other drugs was undertaken to determine whether a unique pattern of drug elimination into urine and from plasma for each compound occurred. Furosemide significantly reduced the plasma concentrations of codeine compared to control 2-6 h after furosemide administration. In contrast, the plasma concentrations of theophylline, phenylbutazone, pentazocine, guaifenesin and flunixin were not markedly altered by furosemide. In the case of acepromazine, clenbuterol and fentanyl, the data generated were insufficient to state with certainty whether or not furosemide affected the plasma concentrations of these three drugs. A significant reduction was noted in the urinary concentrations of guaifenesin, acepromazine, clenbuterol, phenylbutazone, flunixin, fentanyl and pentazocine within 1-4 h of furosemide administration. The urinary concentrations of theophylline remained reduced as long as 8 h after furosemide injection. Furosemide administration to horses pre-treated with codeine resulted in depression of urinary morphine concentrations 2-4 h and 9-12 h after furosemide injection. A lower furosemide dose (150 mg) produced changes in drug urinary excretion and plasma elimination equivalent to the higher dose (250 mg). It is evident that furosemide affects the urinary and plasma concentrations of other co-administered drugs but not in a predictable fashion, which limits the extrapolation of these results to as yet untested drugs.
Publication Date: 1990-03-01 PubMed ID: 2319641DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1990.tb00753.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research investigates the impact of furosemide, a diuretic medication, on the excretion and plasma levels of various administered drugs in standardbred racehorses, revealing that furosemide significantly alters patterns of drug elimination, albeit unpredictably.
Research Background
- Researchers conducted a study to determine the effects of administering furosemide on drug elimination patterns in standardbred mares. The study specifically analyzed the plasma elimination and urinary excretion patterns of the horses after administration of the diuretic.
Study Methodology
- The horses were pre-treated with a range of drugs before intravenous administration of either 150mg or 250mg of furosemide.
- Throughout the study, researchers monitored the plasma concentration levels of various drugs such as codeine, theophylline, phenylbutazone, pentazocine, guaifenesin, flunixin, acepromazine, clenbuterol, and fentanyl.
Key Findings on Drug Plasma Concentrations
- Codeine’s plasma concentration saw a significant decrease 2-6 hours after furosemide administration when compared to the control.
- Plasma concentrations of theophylline, phenylbutazone, pentazocine, guaifenesin, and flunixin remained largely unaffected by the administration of furosemide.
- The changes in plasma concentrations of acepromazine, clenbuterol, and fentanyl were insufficiently proven, indicating a need for further research.
Key Findings on Urinary Excretion of Drugs
- Overall, researchers noted significant reductions in urinary concentrations of guaifenesin, acepromazine, clenbuterol, phenylbutazone, flunixin, fentanyl, and pentazocine within 1-4 hours of furosemide administration.
- Theophylline’s urinary concentration remained low up to 8 hours after furosemide injection.
- Codeine showed a reduced urinary morphine concentration 2-4 hours and 9-12 hours post furosemide injection.
Comparative Analysis of Furosemide Doses
- The research found that a lower dose of furosemide (150mg) resulted in changes similar to those seen with a higher dose (250mg) in terms of drug urinary excretion and plasma elimination.
Conclusions
- The study clearly evidences that furosemide influence the urinary and plasma concentrations of other co-administered drugs. However, the effect is inconsistent, reducing the reliability of these results when extrapolating to other, untested drugs.
Cite This Article
APA
Stevenson AJ, Weber MP, Todi F, Mendonca M, Fenwick JD, Kwong E, Young L, Leavitt R, Nespolo R, Beaumier P.
(1990).
The influence of furosemide on plasma elimination and urinary excretion of drugs in standardbred horses.
J Vet Pharmacol Ther, 13(1), 93-104.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2885.1990.tb00753.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Race Track Division, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa.
MeSH Terms
- Acepromazine / metabolism
- Animals
- Clenbuterol / metabolism
- Clonixin / analogs & derivatives
- Clonixin / metabolism
- Codeine / metabolism
- Drug Interactions
- Female
- Fentanyl / metabolism
- Furosemide / administration & dosage
- Furosemide / pharmacology
- Horses / metabolism
- Horses / urine
- Injections, Intravenous / veterinary
- Morphine / metabolism
- Pentazocine / metabolism
- Phenylbutazone / metabolism
- Physical Exertion
- Premedication / veterinary
- Theophylline / metabolism
Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Knych HK, Stucker K, Gretler SR, Kass PH, McKemie DS. Pharmacokinetics, adverse effects and effects on thermal nociception following administration of three doses of codeine to horses. BMC Vet Res 2022 May 25;18(1):196.
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