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Experimental and toxicologic pathology : official journal of the Gesellschaft fur Toxikologische Pathologie2006; 58(4); 237-245; doi: 10.1016/j.etp.2006.07.004

The long-term neurocompatibility of human fibrin sealant and equine collagen as biomatrices in experimental spinal cord injury.

Abstract: While fibrin sealant (FS) and equine collagen (EC) have been used as scaffold materials in experimental spinal cord injury (SCI), questions concerning neurocompatibility still remain. In this study, we assessed potential adverse effects, as well as functional and histological impact of FS and EC in subtotal hemisection of the thoracic spinal cord (SC) in rats. Methods: 124 male rats were randomly assigned to four main groups (n=31): Sham (SH), Lesion only (L), fibrin sealant (GFS) and equine collagen group (GEC). SH animals received laminectomy only; all other animals underwent subtotal lateral hemisection at T9. Treatment consisted of application of FS or EC into the lesion gap in GFS and GEC, which was left empty in L. GFS, GEC, L and SH were each further divided into 4 subgroups: One subgroup, consisting of 10 rats was subjected to behavioural and reflex testing before surgery and followed up on days 1,7, 14, 21, 28 post op and then sacrificed. Haemalaun or cresyl violet (CV) was used to identify neutrophils in parasagittal cord sections which were obtained on day 1 (n=7). Sections stained for quantification of microglia/macrophages using ED-1 on day 3 (n=7), day 7 (n=7) and day 28 (n=7 out of 10). Additionally, neural filament (NF) staining was chosen to detect axonal regeneration and the length of ingrowth into FS and EC, Luxol blue for myelination, Von Willebrand factor for vascularisation, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) staining for detection of astrocytes in glial scars on day 28. Results: No adverse effects were observed in the treatment groups. Compared to L, GFS and GEC performed significantly better in the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) score and hopping responses. Proprioceptive placing was markedly improved in FS and EC compared to L. Axonal regrowth was found in GFS and GEC--the regrowth in the GFS was accompanied by myelination and vascularisation. Glial scarring occurred in all groups. Discussion Both biomatrices improved functional recovery compared to L and no adverse effects were perceived.
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Publication Date: 2006-11-21 PubMed ID: 17118635DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2006.07.004Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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This research compared the long-term effects of two biomaterials, fibrin sealant (FS) and equine collagen (EC), when used as scaffolds in experimental spinal cord injuries in rats. The study noted functional and histological improvements in the rats treated with these biomaterials in comparison to a control group without any treatment.

Overview of the Research

  • The goal of this research was to analyze the potential negative effects as well as the functional and histological impact of FS and EC in rats with spinal cord injuries.
  • The researchers used a total of 124 male rats for this study, which were divided into four major groups: a sham group (SH), a lesion-only group (L), a fibrin sealant group (GFS) and an equine collagen group (GEC).
  • Each of these groups was further divided into subgroups for more precise analysis of the results.

Methodology and Outcome

  • The GFS and GEC groups received applications of fibrin sealant and equine collagen respectively into the lesion gap. On the other hand, the lesion gap in group L was left empty.
  • Various scientific methods were used to assess the impact of the treatments, such as Haemalaun and Cresyl violet to identify neutrophils, ED-1 staining to identify microglia/macrophages and neural filament staining to detect axonal regeneration. In addition, Luxol blue was used to indicate myelination, Von Willebrand factor for vascularisation, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) staining for the detection of astrocytes in glial scars.
  • The results showed that there were no adverse effects in the GFS and GEC treatment groups. They performed significantly better in terms of recovery as measured by the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) score and hopping responses, compared to group L.
  • On a further positive note, axonal regrowth was observed in both the GFS and GEC groups. The GFS group additionally showed signs of myelination and vascularisation.

Conclusion and Discussion

  • Both fibrin sealant and equine collagen showed promising results in terms of recovery from spinal cord injury.
  • These two substances led to functional recovery improvement when compared to group L, and majorly, no adverse effects were noticed.
  • Despite this positive outcome, the study identified that glial scarring occurred in all groups.
  • The results of this study suggest that both fibrin sealant and equine collagen could potentially be used to support recovery in spinal cord lesions, although further research is needed to confirm these findings.

Cite This Article

APA
Petter-Puchner AH, Froetscher W, Krametter-Froetscher R, Lorinson D, Redl H, van Griensven M. (2006). The long-term neurocompatibility of human fibrin sealant and equine collagen as biomatrices in experimental spinal cord injury. Exp Toxicol Pathol, 58(4), 237-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etp.2006.07.004

Publication

Experimental and toxicologic pathology : official journal of the Gesellschaft fur Toxikologische Pathologie
ISSN: 0940-2993
NlmUniqueID: 9208920
Country: Germany
Language: English
Volume: 58
Issue: 4
Pages: 237-245

Researcher Affiliations

Petter-Puchner, Alexander H
  • Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, 1200-Vienna, Austria.
Froetscher, Wolfgang
    Krametter-Froetscher, Reinhild
      Lorinson, Dragan
        Redl, Heinz
          van Griensven, Martijn

            MeSH Terms

            • Animals
            • Axotomy
            • Biocompatible Materials / therapeutic use
            • Collagen / therapeutic use
            • Fibrin Tissue Adhesive / therapeutic use
            • Horses
            • Humans
            • Immunohistochemistry
            • Male
            • Motor Activity / physiology
            • Nerve Regeneration / physiology
            • Rats
            • Recovery of Function
            • Spinal Cord / pathology
            • Spinal Cord / physiology
            • Spinal Cord Injuries / pathology
            • Spinal Cord Injuries / therapy
            • Thoracic Vertebrae

            Citations

            This article has been cited 13 times.
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