The long-term neurocompatibility of human fibrin sealant and equine collagen as biomatrices in experimental spinal cord injury.
Abstract: While fibrin sealant (FS) and equine collagen (EC) have been used as scaffold materials in experimental spinal cord injury (SCI), questions concerning neurocompatibility still remain. In this study, we assessed potential adverse effects, as well as functional and histological impact of FS and EC in subtotal hemisection of the thoracic spinal cord (SC) in rats. Methods: 124 male rats were randomly assigned to four main groups (n=31): Sham (SH), Lesion only (L), fibrin sealant (GFS) and equine collagen group (GEC). SH animals received laminectomy only; all other animals underwent subtotal lateral hemisection at T9. Treatment consisted of application of FS or EC into the lesion gap in GFS and GEC, which was left empty in L. GFS, GEC, L and SH were each further divided into 4 subgroups: One subgroup, consisting of 10 rats was subjected to behavioural and reflex testing before surgery and followed up on days 1,7, 14, 21, 28 post op and then sacrificed. Haemalaun or cresyl violet (CV) was used to identify neutrophils in parasagittal cord sections which were obtained on day 1 (n=7). Sections stained for quantification of microglia/macrophages using ED-1 on day 3 (n=7), day 7 (n=7) and day 28 (n=7 out of 10). Additionally, neural filament (NF) staining was chosen to detect axonal regeneration and the length of ingrowth into FS and EC, Luxol blue for myelination, Von Willebrand factor for vascularisation, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) staining for detection of astrocytes in glial scars on day 28. Results: No adverse effects were observed in the treatment groups. Compared to L, GFS and GEC performed significantly better in the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) score and hopping responses. Proprioceptive placing was markedly improved in FS and EC compared to L. Axonal regrowth was found in GFS and GEC--the regrowth in the GFS was accompanied by myelination and vascularisation. Glial scarring occurred in all groups. Discussion Both biomatrices improved functional recovery compared to L and no adverse effects were perceived.
Publication Date: 2006-11-21 PubMed ID: 17118635DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2006.07.004Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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This research compared the long-term effects of two biomaterials, fibrin sealant (FS) and equine collagen (EC), when used as scaffolds in experimental spinal cord injuries in rats. The study noted functional and histological improvements in the rats treated with these biomaterials in comparison to a control group without any treatment.
Overview of the Research
- The goal of this research was to analyze the potential negative effects as well as the functional and histological impact of FS and EC in rats with spinal cord injuries.
- The researchers used a total of 124 male rats for this study, which were divided into four major groups: a sham group (SH), a lesion-only group (L), a fibrin sealant group (GFS) and an equine collagen group (GEC).
- Each of these groups was further divided into subgroups for more precise analysis of the results.
Methodology and Outcome
- The GFS and GEC groups received applications of fibrin sealant and equine collagen respectively into the lesion gap. On the other hand, the lesion gap in group L was left empty.
- Various scientific methods were used to assess the impact of the treatments, such as Haemalaun and Cresyl violet to identify neutrophils, ED-1 staining to identify microglia/macrophages and neural filament staining to detect axonal regeneration. In addition, Luxol blue was used to indicate myelination, Von Willebrand factor for vascularisation, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) staining for the detection of astrocytes in glial scars.
- The results showed that there were no adverse effects in the GFS and GEC treatment groups. They performed significantly better in terms of recovery as measured by the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) score and hopping responses, compared to group L.
- On a further positive note, axonal regrowth was observed in both the GFS and GEC groups. The GFS group additionally showed signs of myelination and vascularisation.
Conclusion and Discussion
- Both fibrin sealant and equine collagen showed promising results in terms of recovery from spinal cord injury.
- These two substances led to functional recovery improvement when compared to group L, and majorly, no adverse effects were noticed.
- Despite this positive outcome, the study identified that glial scarring occurred in all groups.
- The results of this study suggest that both fibrin sealant and equine collagen could potentially be used to support recovery in spinal cord lesions, although further research is needed to confirm these findings.
Cite This Article
APA
Petter-Puchner AH, Froetscher W, Krametter-Froetscher R, Lorinson D, Redl H, van Griensven M.
(2006).
The long-term neurocompatibility of human fibrin sealant and equine collagen as biomatrices in experimental spinal cord injury.
Exp Toxicol Pathol, 58(4), 237-245.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etp.2006.07.004 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, 1200-Vienna, Austria.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Axotomy
- Biocompatible Materials / therapeutic use
- Collagen / therapeutic use
- Fibrin Tissue Adhesive / therapeutic use
- Horses
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Motor Activity / physiology
- Nerve Regeneration / physiology
- Rats
- Recovery of Function
- Spinal Cord / pathology
- Spinal Cord / physiology
- Spinal Cord Injuries / pathology
- Spinal Cord Injuries / therapy
- Thoracic Vertebrae
Citations
This article has been cited 12 times.- Hasanzadeh E, Seifalian A, Mellati A, Saremi J, Asadpour S, Enderami SE, Nekounam H, Mahmoodi N. Injectable hydrogels in central nervous system: Unique and novel platforms for promoting extracellular matrix remodeling and tissue engineering.. Mater Today Bio 2023 Jun;20:100614.
- Matthews J, Surey S, Grover LM, Logan A, Ahmed Z. Thermosensitive collagen/fibrinogen gels loaded with decorin suppress lesion site cavitation and promote functional recovery after spinal cord injury.. Sci Rep 2021 Sep 13;11(1):18124.
- Gallo N, Natali ML, Sannino A, Salvatore L. An Overview of the Use of Equine Collagen as Emerging Material for Biomedical Applications.. J Funct Biomater 2020 Nov 1;11(4).
- Spejo AB, Chiarotto GB, Ferreira ADF, Gomes DA, Ferreira RS Jr, Barraviera B, Oliveira ALR. Neuroprotection and immunomodulation following intraspinal axotomy of motoneurons by treatment with adult mesenchymal stem cells.. J Neuroinflammation 2018 Aug 14;15(1):230.
- Dalamagkas K, Tsintou M, Seifalian A, Seifalian AM. Translational Regenerative Therapies for Chronic Spinal Cord Injury.. Int J Mol Sci 2018 Jun 15;19(6).
- Moreno PMD, Ferreira AR, Salvador D, Rodrigues MT, Torrado M, Carvalho ED, Tedebark U, Sousa MM, Amaral IF, Wengel J, Pêgo AP. Hydrogel-Assisted Antisense LNA Gapmer Delivery for In Situ Gene Silencing in Spinal Cord Injury.. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2018 Jun 1;11:393-406.
- Biscola NP, Cartarozzi LP, Ulian-Benitez S, Barbizan R, Castro MV, Spejo AB, Ferreira RS Jr, Barraviera B, Oliveira ALR. Multiple uses of fibrin sealant for nervous system treatment following injury and disease.. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2017;23:13.
- Hakim JS, Esmaeili Rad M, Grahn PJ, Chen BK, Knight AM, Schmeichel AM, Isaq NA, Dadsetan M, Yaszemski MJ, Windebank AJ. Positively Charged Oligo[Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Fumarate] Scaffold Implantation Results in a Permissive Lesion Environment after Spinal Cord Injury in Rat.. Tissue Eng Part A 2015 Jul;21(13-14):2099-114.
- Lu P, Graham L, Wang Y, Wu D, Tuszynski M. Promotion of survival and differentiation of neural stem cells with fibrin and growth factor cocktails after severe spinal cord injury.. J Vis Exp 2014 Jul 27;(89):e50641.
- Liu J, Zhang Z, Gong A, Cao X, Qian L, Duan L, Sun X, Bu X. Neuronal progenitor cells seeded in fibrin gel differentiate into ChAT-positive neuron.. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2010 Oct;46(9):738-45.
- Straley KS, Foo CW, Heilshorn SC. Biomaterial design strategies for the treatment of spinal cord injuries.. J Neurotrauma 2010 Jan;27(1):1-19.
- Yang CC, Shih YH, Ko MH, Hsu SY, Cheng H, Fu YS. Transplantation of human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells from Wharton's jelly after complete transection of the rat spinal cord.. PLoS One 2008;3(10):e3336.
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