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Home / Equine Research Bank / Animals (Basel) / The Mare: A Pertinent Model for Human Assisted Reproductive ...
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2021; 11(8); doi: 10.3390/ani11082304

The Mare: A Pertinent Model for Human Assisted Reproductive Technologies?

Abstract: Although there are large differences between horses and humans for reproductive anatomy, follicular dynamics, mono-ovulation, and embryo development kinetics until the blastocyst stage are similar. In contrast to humans, however, horses are seasonal animals and do not have a menstrual cycle. Moreover, horse implantation takes place 30 days later than in humans. In terms of artificial reproduction techniques (ART), oocytes are generally matured in vitro in horses because ovarian stimulation remains inefficient. This allows the collection of oocytes without hormonal treatments. In humans, in vivo matured oocytes are collected after ovarian stimulation. Subsequently, only intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is performed in horses to produce embryos, whereas both in vitro fertilization and ICSI are applied in humans. Embryos are transferred only as blastocysts in horses. In contrast, four cells to blastocyst stage embryos are transferred in humans. Embryo and oocyte cryopreservation has been mastered in humans, but not completely in horses. Finally, both species share infertility concerns due to ageing and obesity. Thus, reciprocal knowledge could be gained through the comparative study of ART and infertility treatments both in woman and mare, even though the horse could not be used as a single model for human ART.
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Publication Date: 2021-08-04 PubMed ID: 34438761PubMed Central: PMC8388489DOI: 10.3390/ani11082304Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article is about the potential of using horses as a model for improving human assisted reproductive technologies (ART), suggesting that despite some differences, there are enough similarities to warrant further study.

Reproductive Similarities and Differences Between Horses and Humans

  • The study highlights that while there are significant differences in the reproductive anatomy between horses and humans, other aspects like follicular dynamics, mono-ovulation, and embryo development till the blastocyst stage show similarities.
  • However, horses differ from humans in terms of their reproductive cycles. Horses are seasonal animals and do not undergo menstrual cycles like humans. Furthermore, implantation in horses occurs 30 days later than in humans.

Artificial Reproductive Techniques in Horses and Humans

  • In the context of ART, the predominant technique in horses is in vitro maturation of oocytes (IVM) due to the inefficiency of ovarian stimulation. This process allows for the collection of oocytes without the need for hormonal treatments.
  • Contrastingly, humans generally opt for in vivo maturation of oocytes after ovarian stimulation.
  • Another key difference is the usage of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) exclusively in horses to produce embryos, whereas humans employ both in vitro fertilization (IVF) and ICSI.

Embryo Transfers and Cryopreservation in Horses and Humans

  • The research describes that embryos are transferred only as blastocysts in horses, while in humans, embryos from four cells to blastocyst stage are used for transfers.
  • The process of embryo and oocyte cryopreservation is more advanced in humans compared to horses where it has not been completely mastered yet.

Shared Infertility Concerns

  • The paper recognizes that both horses and humans face infertility issues related to ageing and obesity. Thus, the paper concludes that learning can be shared through comparative studies of ART and infertility treatments in both females and mares.
  • However, it stresses the point that horses cannot be used as a sole model for human ART due to distinct differences that exist between the two species. The comparative studying can still be beneficial for reciprocal knowledge growth.

Cite This Article

APA
Benammar A, Derisoud E, Vialard F, Palmer E, Ayoubi JM, Poulain M, Chavatte-Palmer P. (2021). The Mare: A Pertinent Model for Human Assisted Reproductive Technologies? Animals (Basel), 11(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11082304

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 8

Researcher Affiliations

Benammar, Achraf
  • Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
  • Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France.
  • Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Foch Hospital, 92150 Suresnes, France.
Derisoud, Emilie
  • Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
  • Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France.
Vialard, François
  • Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
  • Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France.
Palmer, Eric
  • Académie d'Agriculture de France, 75007 Paris, France.
Ayoubi, Jean Marc
  • Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
  • Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France.
  • Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Foch Hospital, 92150 Suresnes, France.
Poulain, Marine
  • Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
  • Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France.
  • Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Foch Hospital, 92150 Suresnes, France.
Chavatte-Palmer, Pascale
  • Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
  • Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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