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Home / Equine Research Bank / Front Vet Sci / The Modification and Performance of a Large Animal Anesthesi...
Frontiers in veterinary science2017; 4; 162; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00162

The Modification and Performance of a Large Animal Anesthesia Machine (Tafonius®) in Order to Deliver Xenon to a Horse.

Abstract: Xenon, due to its interesting anesthetic properties, could improve the quality of anesthesia protocols in horses despite its high price. This study aimed to modify and test an anesthesia machine capable of delivering xenon to a horse. Methods: An equine anesthesia machine (Tafonius, Vetronic Services Ltd., UK) was modified by including a T-connector in the valve block to introduce xenon, so that the xenon was pushed into the machine cylinder by the expired gases. A xenon analyzer was connected to the expiratory limb of the patient circuit. The operation of the machine was modeled and experimentally tested for denitrogenation, wash-in, and maintenance phases. The system was considered to consist of two compartments, one being the horse's lungs, the other being the machine cylinder and circuit. A 15-year-old, 514-kg, healthy gelding horse was anesthetized for 70 min using acepromazine, romifidine, morphine, diazepam, and ketamine. Anesthesia was maintained with xenon and oxygen, co-administered with lidocaine. Ventilation was controlled. Cardiorespiratory variables, expired fraction of xenon (FeXe), blood gases were measured and xenon was detected in plasma. Recovery was unassisted and recorded. Results: FeXe remained around 65%, using a xenon total volume of 250 L. Five additional boli of ketamine were required to maintain anesthesia. PaO was 45 ± 1 mmHg. The recovery was calm. Xenon was detected in blood during the entire administration time. Conclusions: This pilot study describes how to deliver xenon to a horse. Although many technical problems were encountered, their correction could guide future endeavors to study the use of xenon in horses.
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Publication Date: 2017-09-29 PubMed ID: 29034250PubMed Central: PMC5626812DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00162Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research aimed to modify an anesthesia machine for horses to administer Xenon, a potential anesthetic option despite its high cost. They then tested this machine on a horse, recording its performance and the horse’s responses.

Methodology

  • The study used an equine anesthesia machine named Tafonius, which was altered to allow Xenon gas administration.
  • A T-connector was added to introduce Xenon into the machine’s cylinder, with expired gases pushing the Xenon in.
  • A Xenon analyzer was connected to the expiratory limb of the patient (horse) circuit.
  • The machine was then tested in various phases: denitrogenation, wash-in, and maintenance.
  • The team viewed the system as two compartments: the horse’s lungs and the machine cylinder/circuit.
  • A 514-kg healthy gelding was anesthetized for 70 minutes using various anesthetic drugs. Anesthesia was maintained with Xenon and oxygen, with lidocaine also administered.
  • Ventilation was controlled and variables including cardiorespiratory performance, expired fraction of Xenon, and blood gases were measured. Additionally, the presence of Xenon in the bloodstream was monitored.
  • Following the trial, recovery was unassisted and documented.

Results

  • The expired fraction of Xenon (FeXe) lingered around 65%, with a total volume of 250 litres of Xenon used.
  • An additional five doses of Ketamine were needed to keep the horse anesthetized.
  • The recorded PaO (partial pressure of oxygen in the blood) was 45 ± 1 mmHg.
  • Recovery post-anesthesia was calm and Xenon was detectable in the bloodstream during the entire period of Xenon administration.

Conclusion

  • The study successfully outlines a method of Xenon delivery to a horse using the Tafonius anesthesia machine.
  • However, they faced many technical issues that needed correcting – taking these into account may help future endeavours in using Xenon for horse anaesthesia.

Cite This Article

APA
Santangelo B, Robin A, Simpson K, Potier J, Guichardant M, Portier K. (2017). The Modification and Performance of a Large Animal Anesthesia Machine (Tafonius®) in Order to Deliver Xenon to a Horse. Front Vet Sci, 4, 162. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2017.00162

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 4
Pages: 162
PII: 162

Researcher Affiliations

Santangelo, Bruna
  • Section of Anesthesiology, Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy l'Etoile, France.
Robin, Astrid
  • Section of Anesthesiology, Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy l'Etoile, France.
Simpson, Keith
  • Vetronic Services, Newton Abbot, United Kingdom.
Potier, Julie
  • Section of Anesthesiology, Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy l'Etoile, France.
Guichardant, Michel
  • GREAT, Laboratoire Carmen, INSERM U1060, INRA U1235, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.
Portier, Karine
  • Section of Anesthesiology, Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy l'Etoile, France.
  • GREAT, Laboratoire Carmen, INSERM U1060, INRA U1235, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Gozalo-Marcilla M, Ringer SK. Recovery after General Anaesthesia in Adult Horses: A Structured Summary of the Literature. Animals (Basel) 2021 Jun 14;11(6).
    doi: 10.3390/ani11061777pubmed: 34198637google scholar: lookup
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