The origins of Iberian horses assessed via mitochondrial DNA.
Abstract: Despite a number of recent studies that have focused on the origin of domestic horses, genetic relationships between major geographical clusters still remain poorly understood. In this study we analyzed a 296 bp mtDNA fragment from the HVI region of 171 horses representing 11 native Iberian, Barb, and Exmoor breeds to assess the maternal phylogeography of Iberian horses. The mtDNA haplogroup with a CCG motif (nucleotide position 15,494 to 15,496) was the most frequent in Iberian and Barb breeds (0.42 and 0.57, respectively), regardless of geographic location or group of breeds. This finding supports the close genetic relationship between the ancestral mare populations of the Iberian Peninsula and Northern Africa. Phenotypic differences among the Northern and Southern Iberian groups of breeds are not explained by population subdivision based on maternal lineages. Our results also suggest that Northern Iberian ponies--which are phenotypically close to British ponies, especially Exmoor--are the result of an introgression rather than population replacement.
Publication Date: 2005-10-26 PubMed ID: 16251517DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esi116Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research investigates the origins of Iberian horses through analysis of mitochondrial DNA, discovering a powerful genetic relationship between ancestral horse populations in the Iberian Peninsula and Northern Africa and developing insights into distinctions between Northern and Southern Iberian horse breeds.
Study Methodology
- The study analyzed a 296 base pair fragment of mitochondrial DNA from the HVI region of 171 horses. These horses represented 11 native Iberian, Barb (North African), and Exmoor (British) breeds.
- The analysis focused on assessing the maternal phylogeography of Iberian horses, basically tracing the matriarchal inheritance of DNA to understand the geographic origins and relationships of these horses.
Main Findings
- The researchers identified a mitochondrial DNA haplogroup, a group of related genetic traits often inherited from a single mother, with a specific CCG motif, as the most frequent in Iberian and Barb breeds.
- This high frequency was irrespective of geographic location or group of breeds, suggesting a close genetic relationship between the ancestral mare populations of the Iberian Peninsula and Northern Africa.
- The study found that phenotypic differences, observable physical traits, among the Northern and Southern Iberian groups of breeds are not explained by population subdivision based on maternal lineages. In other words, maternal genetic differences were not directly causing the physical differences between horse breeds in these regions.
Insights on Northern Iberian Ponies
- The results suggest that Northern Iberian ponies, which have observable physical similarities to British ponies especially the Exmoor, do not originate from a direct lineage from Exmoor ponies.
- Instead, their similarity is likely the result of an introgression, a form of gene flow occurring when an individual from a different population or species breeds with a member of the host population.
- This suggests that, rather than being replaced or directly descended from British ponies, the Northern Iberian breeds have interbred with them, incorporating British pony genetic traits into their own gene pool.
Cite This Article
APA
Royo LJ, Alvarez I, Beja-Pereira A, Molina A, Fernández I, Jordana J, Gómez E, Gutiérrez JP, Goyache F.
(2005).
The origins of Iberian horses assessed via mitochondrial DNA.
J Hered, 96(6), 663-669.
https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esi116 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Area de Genética y Reproducción Animal, SERIDA, E-33203 Gijón, Asturias, Spain.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- DNA, Mitochondrial / genetics
- Haplotypes / genetics
- Horses / genetics
- Phylogeny
- Portugal
- Spain
Citations
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