The prevalence of equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis and the role of interincisal angulation in disease severity in a representative cohort of horses in Switzerland.
Abstract: Equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis (EOTRH) is an increasingly diagnosed degenerative dental disease in aged horses. The primary aim of this retrospective study was to determine the prevalence of EOTRH in horses admitted to the Equine Hospital, University of Zurich, for dental procedures from 2004 to 2017. A secondary goal was to measure and compare interincisal angles on two-dimensional radiographs of horses with EOTRH to determine whether the interincisal angle is associated with age and severity of the disease. Radiographs were assessed for the presence of lysis and/or hypercementosis, and the number and position of the teeth affected were determined. Each tooth was also evaluated using the modified classification system introduced by Rehrl et al. (2018), in which stage 0 indicates no radiographic abnormalities and stage 3 denotes severe abnormalities. The overall stage was defined by the tooth with the most severe lesions. The interincisal angle was determined in horses that had suitable radiographs. The medical records of 838 horses admitted for dental procedures were evaluated, and 85 (10,1 %) had clinical evidence of EOTRH. The mean interincisal angle was 136,06 ° in horses with mild to moderate EOTRH and 135,10 ° (SD = 11,90 °) in severely affected patients. In conclusion, the angle measurements on lateral radiographs were highly reproducible. However, the interincisal angle was not associated with age or the severity of EOTRH. The interincisal angle and the disease pattern were not correlated. Die Equine odontoklastische Zahnresorption und Hyperzementose (EOTRH) ist eine zunehmend diagnostizierte degenerative Zahnerkrankung bei älteren Pferden. Das Hauptziel dieser retrospektiven Studie bestand darin, die Prävalenz von EOTRH bei Pferden zu bestimmen, die von 2004 bis 2017 für zahnärztliche Eingriffe in die Pferdeklinik der Universität Zürich vorgestellt wurden. Ein sekundäres Ziel bestand darin, die Interinzisalwinkelung bei Pferde mit EOTRH auf zweidimensionalen Röntgenaufnahmen zu messen, um festzustellen, ob der Interinzisalwinkel mit dem Alter und dem Schweregrad der Erkrankung zusammenhängt. Röntgenaufnahmen wurden auf das Vorliegen einer Lyse und/oder Hyperzementose untersucht und die Anzahl und Position der betroffenen Zähne bestimmt. Jeder Zahn wurde auch anhand des von Rehrl et al. (2018) eingeführten modifizierten Klassifizierungssystems bewertet, wobei Grad 0 keine radiologischen Pathologien anzeigt und Grad 3 schwere Pathologien bezeichnet. Der Gesamtschweregrad wurde durch den Zahn mit den schwerwiegendsten Läsionen definiert. Der Interinzisalwinkel wurde bei Pferden bestimmt, die über geeignete Röntgenaufnahmen verfügten. Die Krankenakten von 838 Zahnpatienten wurden ausgewertet und 85 (10,1 %) wiesen klinische Hinweise auf EOTRH auf. Der mittlere Interinzisalwinkel betrug 136,06 ° bei Pferden mit leichter bis mittelschwerer EOTRH und 135,10 ° (SD = 11,90 °) bei schwer betroffenen Patienten. Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass die Winkelmessungen auf lateralen Röntgenaufnahmen sehr gut reproduzierbar waren. Der Interinzisalwinkel war jedoch nicht mit dem Alter oder der Schwere der EOTRH assoziiert. Der Interinzisalwinkel und das Krankheitsbild korrelierten nicht. La résorption et l’hypercémentose odontoclastique des dents chez le cheval (EOTRH) est une maladie dentaire dégénérative de plus en plus diagnostiquée chez les animaux âgés. L’objectif principal de cette étude rétrospective était de déterminer la prévalence de l’EOTRH chez les chevaux admis à l’Hôpital équin de l’Université de Zurich pour des interventions dentaires entre 2014 et 2017. Un objectif secondaire était de mesurer et de comparer les angles inter-incisifs sur des radiographies bidimensionnelles de chevaux atteints d’EOTRH afin de déterminer si cet angle est associé à l’âge et à la gravité de la maladie. Les radiographies ont été évaluées pour la présence de lyse et/ou d’hypercémentose, et le nombre et la position des dents affectées ont été déterminés. Chaque dent a également été évaluée à l’aide du système de classification modifié introduit par Rehrl et al. (2018), dans lequel le stade 0 indique l’absence d’anomalies radiographiques et le stade 3 indique des anomalies graves. Le stade global a été défini par la dent présentant les lésions les plus sévères. L’angle inter-incisif a été déterminé chez les chevaux qui avaient des radiographies appropriées. Les dossiers médicaux de 838 chevaux admis pour des interventions dentaires ont été évalués et 85 (10,1 %) présentaient des signes cliniques d’EOTRH. L’angle inter-incisif moyen était de 136,06° chez les chevaux présentant une EOTRH légère à modérée et de 135,10° (écart-type = 11,90°) chez les patients gravement atteints. En conclusion, les mesures d’angle sur les radiographies latérales étaient très reproductibles. Cependant, l’angle inter-incisif n’était pas associé à l’âge ou à la sévérité de l’EOTRH. L’angle inter-incisif et le profil de la maladie n’étaient pas corrélés. L’EOTRH, il riassorbimento odontoclastico dentale e l’ipercementosi equina, è una malattia dentale degenerativa diagnosticata sempre più frequentemente nei cavalli anziani. Lo scopo principale di questo studio retrospettivo era di determinare la prevalenza dell’EOTRH nei cavalli ammessi per procedure dentali presso la Pferdeklinik (clinica per gli equini) dell’Università di Zurigo dal 2014 al 2017. Un obiettivo secondario era di misurare e confrontare gli angoli interincisali sulle radiografie bidimensionali dei cavalli affetti da EOTRH per determinare se l’angolazione interincisale è associata all’età dell’animale e alla gravità della malattia. Le radiografie sono state valutate per la presenza di lisi e/o di ipercementosi e sono stati determinati il numero e la posizione dei denti interessati. Ogni dente è stato valutato anche utilizzando il sistema di classificazione modificato introdotto da Rehrl et al. (2018), in cui lo stadio 0 indica l’assenza di anomalie radiografiche e lo stadio 3 indica gravi anomalie. La gravità complessiva è stata definita dal dente con le lesioni più gravi. L’angolazione interincisale è stata determinata nei cavalli che avevano radiografie idonee. Si sono esaminate le cartelle cliniche di 838 cavalli ammessi per procedure dentali, e 85 (10,1%) presentavano evidenze cliniche di EOTRH. La media dell’angolazione interincisale era di 136,06° nei cavalli con EOTRH lieve o moderato e di 135,10° (SD = 11,90°) nei pazienti gravemente affetti. In conclusione, le misurazioni degli angoli sulle radiografie laterali erano altamente riproducibili. Tuttavia, l’angolazione interincisale non era associata all’età o alla gravità dell’EOTRH. L’angolazione interincisale e il profilo della malattia non erano correlati.
Publication Date: 2023-08-30 PubMed ID: 37646096DOI: 10.17236/sat00401Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Age Factors
- Anatomy
- Clinical Examination
- Clinical Findings
- Clinical Pathology
- Clinical Study
- Dental Health
- Diagnosis
- Diagnostic Technique
- Disease Diagnosis
- Disease Etiology
- Disease Prevalence
- Disease Severity
- Equine Diseases
- Equine Health
- Horses
- Radiology
- Retrospective Study
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Procedure
- Veterinary Research
Summary
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The study aimed to determine the prevalence of a specific dental disease known as Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis (EOTRH) in horses treated at the University of Zurich’s equine hospital between 2004 to 2017, and also analyze if the angle of the horse’s teeth (interincisal angle) had a connection with age and disease severity.
Objective and Methodology of the Study
- The primary goal of the retrospective study was to identify the incidence of EOTRH in horses admitted for dental procedures at the Equine Hospital, University of Zurich, over a period from 2004 to 2017.
- A secondary objective was to explore whether the interincisal angle seen on two-dimensional radiographs of horses diagnosed with EOTRH had a relation to the age and severity of the disease.
- Teeth were radiographically surveyed for signs of lysis (cell destruction) or hypercementosis (excessive deposits of cementum on roots of the teeth).
- A modified classification system was used to gauge the severity of dental abnormalities, rating from 0 (no detected abnormalities) to stage 3 (severe abnormalities).
Results of the Study
- The study assessed the medical records of 838 horses that underwent dental procedures, discovering that 85 horses (10.1%) showed clinical evidence of EOTRH.
- The ‘interincisal angle,’ or angle between incisor teeth, was measured in horses affected by EOTRH. The average interincisal angle was computed for horses with varying degrees of disease severity.
- The results showed that the average interincisal angle was 136.06° in horses with mild to moderate EOTRH, compared to 135.10° in severely affected horses.
Conclusion of the Study
- The researchers concluded that the interincisal angles obtained from the radiographs were highly reproducible, indicating the method’s reliability for future studies.
- However, the angle measurements revealed no evident association with the horse’s age or the severity of the EOTRH, contradicting the study’s secondary hypothesis.
- Therefore, the research concluded that the interincisal angle and the disease pattern did not correlate in horses affected by EOTRH.
Cite This Article
APA
Igel P, Fürst AE, Jackson MA.
(2023).
The prevalence of equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis and the role of interincisal angulation in disease severity in a representative cohort of horses in Switzerland.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd, 165(9), 564-572.
https://doi.org/10.17236/sat00401 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich.
- Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich.
- Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich.
MeSH Terms
- Horses
- Animals
- Prevalence
- Switzerland / epidemiology
- Hypercementosis / diagnostic imaging
- Hypercementosis / epidemiology
- Hypercementosis / veterinary
- Retrospective Studies
- Tooth Resorption / diagnostic imaging
- Tooth Resorption / epidemiology
- Tooth Resorption / veterinary
- Patient Acuity
- Horse Diseases / diagnostic imaging
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
Citations
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