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The relationship between Th1/Th2 cytokine polarization and milk composition in the postnatal period in Kyrgyz mares and foals.
Abstract: Immune compatibility between mare and foal is one of the important topics of reproductive immunology. At this point, although there are many studies on antibodies, there are not many publications on the relationship between the cytokine levels of mare, foal and milk and the effects of milk composition on this relationship. Here we investigate the relationship between Th1/Th2 cytokine balance and milk composition in Kyrgyz mares and foals. Samples were taken soon after the foal was born and on days 5, 10 and 20 after birth. Th1 (IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10) cytokine levels in blood samples were measured using a commercial ELISA kit. Dry matter, fat, protein and non-fat dry matter ratios were determined in the mare's milk and colostrum. We detected no Th1/Th2 polarization in the mare's milk on the day of the foal's birth (day 0) and day 10, but there was Th1 polarization on day 5 and Th2 cytokine polarization on day 20. There was no polarization in the blood sera of the mares on days 0, 5, and 10, and Th1 cytokine polarization was also detected on day 20. We detected no Th1/Th2 cytokine polarization in the blood sera of the foals on any of the days. Dry matter (19.66 ± 0.39%), protein (16.56 ± 0.18%), fat (2.13 ± 0.17), and non-fat dry matter (17.59 ± 0.44%) were higher in colostrum than the other days. When the correlations between cytokine levels in milk samples and milk composition were examined, there was a positive correlation between IL-5 level and protein ratio on day 10. We detected a positive correlation between IL-2 level and the fat rate on day 20. There was a positive correlation between the IL-2 level and the non-fat dry matter ratio on day 20. Further studies are now needed to determine the relationship between the changes in the composition of mare's milk in the postnatal period and Th1/Th2 cytokine polarization in mares and foals at the time of birth and in the postnatal period. Our finding that protein and fat ratios in mare's milk in the postnatal period are positively correlated with IL-2 levels should be considered in terms of foal and human nutrition.
© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Publication Date: 2023-03-30 PubMed ID: 36934392DOI: 10.1111/rda.14347Google Scholar: Lookup The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
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This is a research study looking into the relationship between Th1/Th2 cytokine levels and milk composition in Kyrgyz mares and their foals, and how these levels might influence immune compatibility between the mare and foal.
Study Setup
- The researchers emphasized that there had been many studies into antibodies but fewer into how the cytokine levels in mares, foals, and their milk might affect each other and the milk’s composition.
- To explore this, they took samples soon after foals were born and then again on days 5, 10, and 20 post-birth. They measured Th1 (IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10) cytokine levels in the blood using a commercial ELISA kit, while dry matter, fat, protein, and non-fat dry matter ratios were assessed in the mare’s milk and colostrum.
Results
- The study revealed no Th1/Th2 polarization in the mare’s milk on the day of birth and day 10, but noted Th1 polarization on day 5 and Th2 cytokine polarization on day 20.
- In the blood serum of the mares, there was no polarization on days 0, 5, or 10, with Th1 cytokine polarization detected on day 20. There was no Th1/Th2 cytokine polarization at all in the foals’ blood serum.
- They found colostrum had higher values for dry matter, protein, fat, and non-fat dry matter than the milk on other days. They also detected a positive correlation between IL-5 level and protein ratio on day 10, as well as between IL-2 level and the fat rate and non-fat dry matter ratio on day 20.
Implications and Conclusions
- These data imply that further research into the relationship between postnatal mare’s milk composition changes and Th1/Th2 cytokine polarization could yield important insights.
- The positive correlations found between protein and fat ratios in mare’s milk post-birth and IL-2 levels could be significant for understanding foal and potentially human nutrition.
Cite This Article
APA
Istanbullugil FR, Risvanli A, Salikov R, Bayraktar M, Kadiraliyeva N, Zhunushova A, Yilmaz O, Yuksel BF, Turanli M, Uz M, Asinbekovic MI.
(2023).
The relationship between Th1/Th2 cytokine polarization and milk composition in the postnatal period in Kyrgyz mares and foals.
Reprod Domest Anim, 58(6), 762-768.
https://doi.org/10.1111/rda.14347 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fu0131rat University, Elazu0131u011f, Turkey.
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
- Department of Zootechny, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fu0131rat University, Elazu0131u011f, Turkey.
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fu0131rat University, Elazu0131u011f, Turkey.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fu0131rat University, Elazu0131u011f, Turkey.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fu0131rat University, Elazu0131u011f, Turkey.
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kostantin Ivanovic Skrabin University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
MeSH Terms
- Pregnancy
- Humans
- Animals
- Horses
- Female
- Milk
- Cytokines
- Interleukin-2
- Interleukin-5
- Colostrum
Grant Funding
- Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University
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