The response of the skeleton to physical training: a biochemical study in horses.
Abstract: In this study we tested the hypothesis that exercise induces an adaptive response in the developing skeleton which may be monitored in vivo by measuring biochemical markers of bone metabolism. The effects of exercise on two biochemical markers of bone formation were determined; the carboxy-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP), and the bone-specific isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (BAP), and one putative marker of resorption, the pyridinoline crosslinked telopeptide domain of type I collagen (ICTP). All three markers were measured for a year in 2-year-old thoroughbred horses exercised three times a week on a treadmill, and values compared to a control group of age-matched animals. Levels of all three markers fell in both exercised and control groups over the 12-month period reflecting normal age changes. However, there were differences between groups in the pattern of this decrease. When expressed as a percentage of baseline values, BAP was higher (p < 0.05) at 2 months and both BAP and the PICP were higher at 4 months (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) in the exercised group, reflecting an increase in bone turnover in this group in the early stages of training. PICP levels were also elevated in the exercised group at 10 months and this result indicates an increase in bone turnover at this time. The changes in ICTP were different; at 2 months, levels were higher in exercised animals than in controls, but there was no significant difference between the two groups at 4 and 6 months. After 8 months, ICTP levels in the exercised group increased returning to near baseline values at 10 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Publication Date: 1995-09-01 PubMed ID: 8541134DOI: 10.1016/8756-3282(95)00221-xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This study investigated the effects of exercise on the development of the skeleton in young horses. It found evidence that exercise prompts an adaptive response that can be monitored through bio markers of bone metabolism.
Research Overview
- The researchers sought to validate their hypothesis that exercise can induce an adaptive response in the developing skeletal structure of horses. This response they believed could be tracked in vivo through the measurement of biochemical markers related to bone metabolism.
- To test their thesis, they studied the effects of physical activity on three different biochemical markers in two-year-old thoroughbred horses over a period of a year.
Methodology
- The exercise process involved training the horses three times a week on a treadmill.
- The research team monitored two formation markers: the carboxy-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP), and the bone-specific isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (BAP), together with one resorption marker, the pyridinoline crosslinked telopeptide domain of type I collagen (ICTP).
- Comparative analysis was made between the horses undergoing exercise and a control group of age-matched horses. Data was gathered by measuring changes over the year-long period.
Results & Findings
- The levels of all three markers decreased in both tested groups, suggesting normal age-related changes.
- The BAP levels were higher at 2 and 4 months in the exercised group, indicating an increase in bone turnover during the initial training.
- PICP levels were also elevated in the trained group at 10 months, suggesting an increase in bone turnover at a later stage.
- Regarding ICTP levels, there were differences between the two groups at 2, 4 and 6 months, but after 8 months the levels in the exercised group returned to near baseline values.
Conclusion
- The study confirms that exercise induces an adaptive response in the developing skeleton that can be monitored and measured through biochemical markers of bone metabolism.
Cite This Article
APA
Price JS, Jackson B, Eastell R, Wilson AM, Russell RG, Lanyon LE, Goodship AE.
(1995).
The response of the skeleton to physical training: a biochemical study in horses.
Bone, 17(3), 221-227.
https://doi.org/10.1016/8756-3282(95)00221-x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Basic Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK.
MeSH Terms
- Alkaline Phosphatase / blood
- Animals
- Biomarkers / analysis
- Bone Remodeling
- Bone and Bones / physiology
- Collagen / blood
- Female
- Horses / physiology
- Linear Models
- Peptide Fragments / blood
- Physical Conditioning, Animal / physiology
- Procollagen / blood
- Time Factors
Grant Funding
- Wellcome Trust
Citations
This article has been cited 5 times.- Vrbanac Z, Brkljaca Bottegaro N, Skrlin B, Bojanic K, Kusec V, Stanin D, Belic M. The Effect of a Moderate Exercise Program on Serum Markers of Bone Metabolism in Dogs.. Animals (Basel) 2020 Aug 23;10(9).
- Turlo AJ, Cywinska A, Frisbie DD. Revisiting predictive biomarkers of musculoskeletal injury in thoroughbred racehorses: longitudinal study in polish population.. BMC Vet Res 2019 Feb 26;15(1):66.
- Inoue Y, Matsui A, Asai Y, Aoki F, Yoshimoto K, Matsui T, Yano H. Response of biochemical markers of bone metabolism to exercise intensity in thoroughbred horses.. J Equine Sci 2008;19(4):83-9.
- Langberg H, Rosendal L, Kjaer M. Training-induced changes in peritendinous type I collagen turnover determined by microdialysis in humans.. J Physiol 2001 Jul 1;534(Pt 1):297-302.
- Langberg H, Skovgaard D, Petersen LJ, Bulow J, Kjaer M. Type I collagen synthesis and degradation in peritendinous tissue after exercise determined by microdialysis in humans.. J Physiol 1999 Nov 15;521 Pt 1(Pt 1):299-306.
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