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Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association1988; 26(10); 823-829; doi: 10.1016/0278-6915(88)90021-x

The role of intestinal microflora in the metabolism of trichothecene mycotoxins.

Abstract: The role of faecal and intestinal microflora on the metabolism of trichothecene mycotoxins was examined in this study. Suspensions of microflora obtained from the faeces of horses, cattle, dogs, rats, swine and chickens were incubated anaerobically with the trichothecene mycotoxin, diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS). Micro-organisms from rats, cattle and swine completely biotransformed DAS, primarily to the deacylated deepoxidation products, deepoxy monoacetoxyscirpenol (DE MAS) and deepoxy scirpentriol (DE SCP). By contrast, faecal microflora from chickens, horses and dogs failed to reduce the epoxide group in DAS and yielded only the deacylation products, monoacetoxyscirpenol (MAS) and scirpentriol (SCP), in addition to unmetabolized parent compound. Intestinal microflora obtained from rats completely biotransformed DAS to DE MAS, DE SCP and SCP; and T-2 toxin to the deepoxy products, deepoxy HT-2 (DE HT-2) and deepoxy T-2 triol (DE TRIOL). Rat intestinal microflora also biotransformed the polar trichothecenes, T-2 tetraol and scirpentriol, to their corresponding deepoxy analogues. Deepoxy T-2 toxin (DE T-2) was synthesized from T-2 toxin and demonstrated to be 400 times less toxic than T-2 toxin in the rat skin irritation bioassay and non-toxic to mice given 60 mg/kg ip, demonstrating that epoxide reduction is a significant single step detoxification reaction for trichothecene mycotoxins.
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Publication Date: 1988-10-01 PubMed ID: 3220324DOI: 10.1016/0278-6915(88)90021-xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • U.S. Gov't
  • Non-P.H.S.

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research primarily investigates how intestinal microflora from different animal species metabolize trichothecene mycotoxins, a type of fungus-produced toxic compound. This study focuses on how these microorganisms change the toxin structure, revealing significant differences among species and suggesting a detoxification process for mycotoxins.

Objectives and Methodology

  • The main aim of the research was to understand the role of faecal and intestinal microflora in the metabolism of trichothecene mycotoxins, specifically, diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS).
  • The study involved obtaining suspensions of microflora from the faeces of horses, cattle, dogs, rats, swine and chickens and incubating these anaerobically with DAS.
  • The transformation of DAS by the microorganisms into various other compounds was then carefully examined and measured.

Findings

  • The results indicated that micro-organisms from rats, cattle and swine could completely transform DAS, primarily into deacylated deepoxidation products (deepoxy monoacetoxyscirpenol (DE MAS) and deepoxy scirpentriol (DE SCP)).
  • In contrast, the faecal microflora from chickens, horses, and dogs were unable to reduce the epoxide group in DAS. These microflora only produced deacylation products (monoacetoxyscirpenol (MAS) and scirpentriol (SCP)) and failed to fully metabolize the parent compound.
  • Interestingly, the intestinal microflora from rats could completely transform DAS to DE MAS, DE SCP, and SCP. Furthermore, rat intestinal microflora could also transform the T-2 toxin into its deepoxy products, suggesting a broader ability for rat gut flora to detoxify mycotoxins.
  • Through this process, researchers identified that epoxide reduction appears to be a significant detoxification step for trichothecene mycotoxins, highlighting potential biological coping mechanisms for toxin exposure in these species.

Significance and Implications

  • The study indicates how different animal species have varying capabilities when it comes to metabolizing mycotoxins – a crucial knowledge given the potential harm mycotoxins can cause to animals and, indirectly, humans.
  • The findings could have significant implications not only for understanding how animals manage toxin exposure but also how these processes might be leveraged to detoxify trichothecene mycotoxins in other settings, such as in food production or clinical treatments.

Cite This Article

APA
Swanson SP, Helaszek C, Buck WB, Rood HD, Haschek WM. (1988). The role of intestinal microflora in the metabolism of trichothecene mycotoxins. Food Chem Toxicol, 26(10), 823-829. https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-6915(88)90021-x

Publication

Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association
ISSN: 0278-6915
NlmUniqueID: 8207483
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 26
Issue: 10
Pages: 823-829

Researcher Affiliations

Swanson, S P
  • Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
Helaszek, C
    Buck, W B
      Rood, H D
        Haschek, W M

          MeSH Terms

          • Animals
          • Bacteria / metabolism
          • Biotransformation
          • Cattle
          • Chickens
          • Dogs
          • Epoxy Compounds / metabolism
          • Horses
          • Intestines / microbiology
          • Lethal Dose 50
          • Male
          • Mice
          • Mice, Inbred BALB C
          • Rats
          • Rats, Inbred Strains
          • Sesquiterpenes / metabolism
          • Skin / drug effects
          • Species Specificity
          • Swine
          • T-2 Toxin / metabolism
          • T-2 Toxin / toxicity
          • Trichothecenes / metabolism

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