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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Virol / The S2 gene of equine infectious anemia virus is dispensable...
Journal of virology1998; 72(10); 8344-8348; doi: 10.1128/JVI.72.10.8344-8348.1998

The S2 gene of equine infectious anemia virus is dispensable for viral replication in vitro.

Abstract: Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) contains the simplest genome among lentiviruses in that it encodes only three putative regulatory genes (S1, S2, S3) in addition to the canonical gag, pol, and env genes, presumably reflecting its limited tropism to cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage. Tat and Rev functions have been assigned to S1 and S3, respectively, but the specific function for the S2 gene has yet to be determined. Thus, the function of S2 in virus replication in vitro was investigated by using an infectious molecular viral clone, EIAVUK. Various EIAVUK mutants lacking S2 were constructed, and their replication kinetics were examined in several equine cell culture systems, including the natural in vivo target equine macrophage cells. The EIAV S2 mutants showed replication kinetics similar to those of the parental virus in all of the tested primary and transformed equine cell cultures, without any detectable reversion of mutant genomes. The EIAVUK mutants also showed replication kinetics similar to those of the parental virus in an equine blood monocyte differentiation-maturation system. These results demonstrate for the first time that the EIAV S2 gene is not essential and does not appear to affect virus infection and replication properties in target cells in vitro.
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Publication Date: 1998-09-12 PubMed ID: 9733881PubMed Central: PMC110207DOI: 10.1128/JVI.72.10.8344-8348.1998Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper investigates the role of the S2 gene in the replication of the Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV), ultimately finding that this gene appears not to be essential for in vitro virus replication.

Understanding the EIAV Virus

  • The paper revolves around the exploration of the Equine Infectious Ania Virus (EIAV). The researchers explain that EIAV has the simplest genome among lentiviruses, encoding only three regulatory genes (S1, S2, S3) in addition to the main elements found in most viruses: gag, pol, and env genes.
  • The virus usually targets cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage, indicating a limited tropism or preference for infecting specific types of host cells.

Role of EIAV Genes

  • Within the EIAV, each of the regulatory genes plays a specific role with Tat and Rev functions assigned to S1 and S3. However, the specific function of the S2 gene was previously undetermined, prompting this research.

Research Procedure

  • For this study, the researchers created and used an infectious molecular viral clone, named EIAVUK, to gain insights about the S2 gene.
  • Several EIAVUK mutants, which lacked the S2 gene, were constructed to observe their replication process in different equine cell culture systems, including the natural target of EIAV: equine macrophage cells.

Findings

  • The EIAVUK mutants, without the S2 gene, demonstrated replication kinetics in line with the parental virus in all tested equine cell cultures. The course of replication remained similar, without any detectable reversion of mutant genomes.
  • The mutants also replicated similarly to the parental virus in an equine blood monocyte system that helps create various types of blood cells.
  • The results, therefore, demonstrated that the EIAV S2 gene does not seem to be essential for the virus to infect and replicate in target cells in an in vitro scenario. It should be noted, though, that while this finding holds for an in vitro environment, the study does not provide information on the S2 gene’s role in in vivo scenarios (inside a living organism).

Cite This Article

APA
Li F, Puffer BA, Montelaro RC. (1998). The S2 gene of equine infectious anemia virus is dispensable for viral replication in vitro. J Virol, 72(10), 8344-8348. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.72.10.8344-8348.1998

Publication

Journal of virology
ISSN: 0022-538X
NlmUniqueID: 0113724
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 72
Issue: 10
Pages: 8344-8348

Researcher Affiliations

Li, F
  • Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
Puffer, B A
    Montelaro, R C

      MeSH Terms

      • Amino Acid Sequence
      • Animals
      • Cell Line
      • Genes, Regulator
      • Genes, Viral
      • Horses
      • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / genetics
      • Molecular Sequence Data
      • Mutation
      • Virus Replication / genetics

      Grant Funding

      • R01 CA049296 / NCI NIH HHS
      • R01CA49296 / NCI NIH HHS

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      Citations

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