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Home / Equine Research Bank / Front Cell Dev Biol / The transcriptome landscapes of allantochorion and vitelline...
Frontiers in cell and developmental biology2022; 10; 958205; doi: 10.3389/fcell.2022.958205

The transcriptome landscapes of allantochorion and vitelline-chorion in equine day 30 conceptus.

Abstract: During equine early gestation, trophectoderm forms chorion tissue, which is composed of two parts that one is covering allantoin, called allantochorion (AC) and another is covering yolk sac, which here we call vitelline-chorion (VC). Given that little is known about the equine trophoblast-derived chorion differentiation at an early stage, we first compared the transcriptome of AC and VC of day 30 equine conceptus based on RNA-sequencing. As a result, we found that compared to VC, there are 484 DEGs, including 305 up- and 179 down-regulated genes in AC. GO and KEGG analysis indicated that up-regulated genes in AC are mainly cell proliferation and cell adhesion-related genes, participating in allantois expansion and allantochorionic-placenta formation; dominant genes in VC are extracellular exosome and other cell adhesion-related genes implicated in direct and indirect conceptus-maternal communication. Additionally, as for the progenitor chorion tissue of equine chorionic gonadotropin secreting endometrium cup-the chorionic girdle (CG), which locates at the junction of the dilating AC and regressing VC, we revealed its unique gene expression pattern and the gene regulation during its further differentiation . Collectively, this study sheds light on the molecular events regarding the trophoblast differentiation and function at an early stage of the equine preimplantation conceptus.
Copyright © 2022 Shen, Ren, Davshilt, Tian, Wang, Yi, Ulaangerel, Li, Dugarjav and Bou.
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Publication Date: 2022-08-04 PubMed ID: 35990610PubMed Central: PMC9386053DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.958205Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigates the early-stage developmental processes of equine gestation, specifically looking at the genetic activity in different parts of the embryo’s chorion tissue. The paper identifies key genes and biological pathways involved in this process which can potentially enhance our understanding of conception in horses.

Understanding the Equine Gestation Process

  • The study primarily focuses on equine gestation, particularly the stage when the trophectoderm, an external layer of the early preimplantation embryo, develops into chorion tissue. The chorion is a significant part of the fetus that mainly aids in maintaining the pregnancy and forms two parts hereafter referred to as the allantochorion (AC) and vitelline-chorion (VC).
  • AC is a part that envelopes allantoin, a byproduct of protein metabolism, while VC covers the yolk sac. Despite their integral role in gestation, till date, there’s not much known regarding their differentiation at this early stage.

Deciphering the Transcriptome Landscape

  • To fill this knowledge gap, the researchers embarked on a comparative study to understand and compare the transcriptomes – the entire set of RNA transcripts produced by the genome – of AC and VC in day 30 equine embryos. They employed RNA-sequencing, a technology that allows for the high-throughput sequencing of RNA.
  • Sequencing results revealed notable differences with 484 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 305 up-regulated and 179 down-regulated genes in AC when compared to VC.
  • Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses indicated that up-regulated genes in AC primarily belonged to cell proliferation and cell adhesion categories. These genes play a pivotal role in aiding the expansion of allantois and allantochorionic-placenta formation.
  • Conversely, dominant genes located in VC were primarily extracellular exosome and other cell adhesion-related genes, which are implicated in direct and indirect conceptus-maternal communication.

Chorionic Girdle – The Key Player

  • Within the context of this research, they also turned their attention to the chorionic girdle (CG) – a ring of cells which is crucial for the production of equine chorionic gonadotropin, a hormone essential for sustaining pregnancy. The CG is located at the junction of the expanding AC and the regressing VC.
  • Researchers discovered a unique gene expression pattern in the CG, along with gene regulation during its further differentiation, thus leading to a more comprehensive understanding of this crucial component of equine pregnancy.

Implication of the Study

  • The study uncovers the key molecular components and processes involved in the differentiation and function of the trophoblast during the early developmental stages of equine pregnancy. As such, it provides insights that could potentially be significant for advancing our understanding and enhancing reproduction efficiency in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Shen Y, Ren H, Davshilt T, Tian S, Wang X, Yi M, Ulaangerel T, Li B, Dugarjav M, Bou G. (2022). The transcriptome landscapes of allantochorion and vitelline-chorion in equine day 30 conceptus. Front Cell Dev Biol, 10, 958205. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.958205

Publication

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology
ISSN: 2296-634X
NlmUniqueID: 101630250
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 10
Pages: 958205
PII: 958205

Researcher Affiliations

Shen, Yingchao
  • College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
Ren, Hong
  • College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
Davshilt, Toli
  • College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
Tian, Shuyue
  • College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
Wang, Xisheng
  • College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
Yi, Minna
  • College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
Ulaangerel, Tseweendolmaa
  • College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
Li, Bei
  • College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
Dugarjav, Manglai
  • College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
Bou, Gerelchimeg
  • College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Equine Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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