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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Gen Virol / The trigeminal ganglion is a location for equine herpesvirus...
The Journal of general virology1994; 75 ( Pt 8); 2007-2016; doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-75-8-2007

The trigeminal ganglion is a location for equine herpesvirus 1 latency and reactivation in the horse.

Abstract: Four specific pathogen-free ponies were infected intranasally with equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) and two were similarly infected with an EHV-1 thymidine kinase deletion mutant. The primary infections were characterized by a transient fever accompanied by virus shedding into nasal mucus and viraemia. No virus was detected in clinical specimens after 15 days post-infection. Two months later a reactivation stimulus was administered to all six ponies and only the four that had been previously inoculated with wild-type EHV-1 shed virus into nasal mucus (for 10 days), proving the presence of a latent infection. No recurrence of viraemia was observed. The animals were monitored for a further 6 weeks and were consistently shown to be free from infectious virus. Tissues were then obtained postmortem. Co-cultivation of explanted trigeminal ganglia from two out of the four ponies that carried the wild-type virus yielded cultures positive for infectious virus. Apart from nasal epithelium, no infectious virus was recovered from any other tissue. PCR confirmed the presence of virus DNA in the ganglia from all six ponies. Lymphoid tissues also yielded positive signals using this technique. The relevance of virus detection by PCR in lymphoid and neural tissues is discussed in relation to the potential for reactivation of latent virus in the host. However, evidence is presented to show that EHV-1 is neurotropic and, in common with other members of the alpha-herpesvirus subfamily, establishes latency in sensory ganglia from which virus can be reactivated.
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Publication Date: 1994-08-01 PubMed ID: 8046404DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-75-8-2007Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research study explores how the equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) exists in a latent form in the trigeminal ganglion of horses, can get reactivated, and its possible health impact.

About the Study

  • In this experiment, four pathogen-free ponies were selected for intranasal infection with equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1), and two were infected with an EHV-1 thymidine kinase deletion mutant.
  • The primary infections led to a transient fever, virus shedding into nasal mucus, and viraemia (presence of viruses in the blood). After 15 days post-infection, no virus was detected in clinical specimens.

Reactivation of the Virus

  • Two months after the primary infection, a reactivation stimulus was given to the ponies, following which the four ponies previously infected with wild-type EHV-1 began to shed the virus into nasal mucus, indicating the presence of a latent infection. Recurrence of viraemia wasn’t observed.
  • Even after monitoring the animals for another six weeks, they were found to be free from the infectious virus.
  • On carrying out a postmortem examination, co-cultivation of explanted trigeminal ganglia from two out of the four ponies infected with wild-type virus resulted in cultures testing positive for the virus. But apart from nasal epithelium, the infectious virus couldn’t be recovered from any other tissue.

PCR Virus Detection

  • Using a PCR test, viral DNA was detected in the ganglia from all six ponies. Even lymphoid tissues showed positive results.
  • The study discusses the relevance of virus detection by PCR in lymphoid and neural tissues in relation to the potential for reactivation of the latent virus in the host.
  • This draws the conclusion that EHV-1 behaves similarly to other members of the alpha-herpesvirus subfamily in being neurotropic (having an affinity for neural tissues) and it establishes latency in sensory ganglia, from where it can be reactivated.

Cite This Article

APA
Slater JD, Borchers K, Thackray AM, Field HJ. (1994). The trigeminal ganglion is a location for equine herpesvirus 1 latency and reactivation in the horse. J Gen Virol, 75 ( Pt 8), 2007-2016. https://doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-75-8-2007

Publication

The Journal of general virology
ISSN: 0022-1317
NlmUniqueID: 0077340
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 75 ( Pt 8)
Pages: 2007-2016

Researcher Affiliations

Slater, J D
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, U.K.
Borchers, K
    Thackray, A M
      Field, H J

        MeSH Terms

        • Administration, Intranasal
        • Animals
        • Herpesviridae Infections / microbiology
        • Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
        • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / genetics
        • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / growth & development
        • Horse Diseases / microbiology
        • Horses
        • Nucleic Acid Hybridization
        • Polymerase Chain Reaction
        • Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
        • Thymidine Kinase / genetics
        • Tissue Distribution
        • Trigeminal Ganglion / microbiology
        • Viremia
        • Virus Activation
        • Virus Cultivation
        • Virus Latency

        Citations

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