The use of intra-articular corticosteroids in the horse: what is known on a scientific basis?

This article discusses the scientific basis of using intra-articular corticosteroids in equine medicine, specifically in the context of thoroughbred horse racing. It examines the impact of these corticosteroids on catastrophic injury, cartilage degradation, and osteoarthritis development, and the relation of the injection timing to racing schedules.

Overview of Intra-Articular Corticosteroids

Intra-articular corticosteroids are medications injected directly into a joint to relieve inflammation and pain. Their use in horses, particularly those involved in thoroughbred racing, is controversial due to possible negative outcomes such as:

• Increased risk of catastrophic injury
• Degradation of articular cartilage
• Development of osteoarthritis (OA)

Catastrophic Injury

One of the primary concerns with intra-articular corticosteroid use in horses is the potential risk of catastrophic injury. The treatment may provide horses with temporary relief from discomfort, but it may simultaneously mask symptoms of severe conditions, leading to unexpected and severe injuries during races.

Articular Cartilage Degradation

The research article also examines the impact of steroids on the degradation of articular cartilage. Continuous steroid use may gradually wear out the cartilage that helps cushion joints, potentially making the animals more susceptible to injuries.

Development of Osteoarthritis

The chronic use of corticosteroids in horses can potentially contribute to the development of OA. With repeated injections, the joint inflammation decreases but the health of the cartilage can deteriorate over time, ultimately leading to OA.

Timing of Injection Relative to Racing

This paper sheds light on the timing of corticosteroid injections relative to races. Although immediate performance-enhancing effects can be advantageous, the potentially damaging long-term health implications need to be considered for the overall wellbeing of the animals.

The article aims to provide a scientific basis for understanding the use of intra-articular corticosteroids in horses and its implications on their health and performance in racing.