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Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology2025; doi: 10.1007/s43630-025-00708-9

The virucidal potential effects of violet-blue light on influenza D virus.

Abstract: Influenza D virus (IDV) is a novel influenza virus, first isolated from swine with influenza-like symptoms in the USA in 2011. To date, IDV circulation has been reported in various animal species such as cattle, pigs, horses with the ability to expand its range of hosts. UV radiation has been widely used for the disinfection of various sources such as water, air, and surfaces, especially in places at greater risk of contamination by viruses and bacteria, such as hospitals and health facilities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential virucidal effect of a violet-blue light against IDV. Viral suspension of IDV was exposed to a violet-blue light (405 nm) for different times (radiant exposures): 22 min and 30 s (5.4 J/cm), 45 min (10.8 J/cm), 90 min (21.6 J/cm), 180 min (43.2 J/cm), and 360 min (86.4 J/cm), and different temperatures (room temperature, 4 and 37 °C). At the end of exposure, virus titration was performed on MDCK cells. After violet-blue light exposure, a viral titre reduction proportional to exposure time was observed: 0.228 log after 22 min and 30 s, 0.668 log after 45 min, 0.940 log after 90 min, 1.375 log after 180 min and 2.293 log after 360 min. Differences were observed among temperatures of exposure, with the greatest virucidal effect observed at room temperature. As reported for other respiratory viruses, this violet-blue light can potentially be used to reduce IDV spread in potentially hotspot areas for animals and humans.
© 2025. The Author(s).
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Publication Date: 2025-03-26 PubMed ID: 40138171PubMed Central: 3567177DOI: 10.1007/s43630-025-00708-9Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research discusses a study exploring the potential virucidal effects of violet-blue light on the Influenza D virus found in various animal species. The results indicate that exposure to violet-blue light can significantly reduce the virus’s prevalence, making it a potential strategy for controlling its spread in vulnerable areas.

Study objective and context

  • This research aimed to test the potential of violet-blue light as a virucidal tool against the Influenza D virus (IDV).
  • IDV is a relatively new strain of the Influenza virus, first detected in pigs showing flu-like symptoms in the US in 2011. It has since been found in a variety of animal species, including cattle and horses.
  • It’s important to find new disinfection methods as UV radiation, which is commonly used, can pose health risks and has limitations.

Methodology

  • A suspension of IDV was exposed to violet-blue light at a wavelength of 405 nm for varying periods of time and different temperatures.
  • The exposure times investigated were 22 minutes and 30 seconds, 45 minutes, 90 minutes, 180 minutes, and 360 minutes, corresponding to radiant exposures of 5.4, 10.8, 21.6, 43.2, and 86.4 J/cm.
  • The temperatures used in the experiment were room temperature, 4 degrees Celsius and 37 degrees Celsius.

Results and conclusion

  • Results indicated that the more prolonged the virus’s exposure to the violet-blue light, the greater the reduction in the viral titre (number of virus entities).
  • For instance, there was a 0.228 log reduction after 22 minutes and 30 seconds of exposure, a 1.375 log reduction after 180 minutes, and a 2.293 log reduction after 360 minutes.
  • The highest virucidal effect was observed at room temperature.
  • The study concludes that, similar to other respiratory viruses, violet-blue light can potentially be used as a disinfection method to reduce IDV spread in areas where animals and humans are at risk.

Cite This Article

APA
Marchi S, Amodeo D, Peccetti B, De Palma I, Messina G, Montomoli E, Trombetta CM. (2025). The virucidal potential effects of violet-blue light on influenza D virus. Photochem Photobiol Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43630-025-00708-9

Publication

Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology
ISSN: 1474-9092
NlmUniqueID: 101124451
Country: England
Language: English

Researcher Affiliations

Marchi, Serena
  • Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Amodeo, Davide
  • Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Peccetti, Benedetta
  • Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
De Palma, Isa
  • Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Messina, Gabriele
  • Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Montomoli, Emanuele
  • Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
  • VisMederi Srl, Siena, Italy.
  • VaepiX, Joint Research Laboratory, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Trombetta, Claudia Maria
  • Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy. trombetta@unisi.it.
  • VaepiX, Joint Research Laboratory, University of Siena, Siena, Italy. trombetta@unisi.it.

Conflict of Interest Statement

Declarations. Competing interests: EM is founder and Chief Scientific Officer of VisMederi srl and VisMederi Research srl.

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