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Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe G, Grosstiere/Nutztiere2020; 48(2); 124-129; doi: 10.1055/a-1110-2998

[Theileria equi-infection in 2 German horses returning from a trail ride in southern France].

Abstract: Equine piroplasmosis, caused by the protozoan pathogens or , is endemic in many (sub-)tropical regions worldwide, including Southern Europe. In Germany, it mainly plays a role as an imported parasitosis. Nevetherless, tick species with known vector potential for equine piroplasms occur in Germany. Thus, a long-term establishment of autochthonous cycles after introduction via infected equids or ticks cannot be excluded. In the present case, 2 horses developed clinical infection after returning from a trail riding trip to southern France. During treatment, a feeding tick was discovered on one of the horses, which was identified as a specimen. This tick species cannot establish in Germany under the current climatic conditions; nevertheless, this discovery illustrates the potential of introducing infected ticks to Germany. The 2 horses were treated with imidocarb (3 mg/kg i. m.; 3 treatments in 3-day intervals) and no adverse drug effects were recorded. To prevent establishment of autochthonous infection cycles in Germany as well as a chronic manifestation of piroplasmosis, treatment should aim at eliminating the parasites despite possible adverse effects of imidocarb. Die equine Piroplasmose, ausgelöst durch die protozoären Erreger oder , ist weltweit in (sub-)tropischen Regionen einschließlich Südeuropa endemisch. In Deutschland hat sie vor allem als Importparasitose Bedeutung. Da Zeckenarten mit Vektorkompetenz für equine Piroplasmen allerdings auch hierzulande vorkommen, ist eine langfristige Etablierung autochthoner Zyklen nach Einschleppung durch Equiden oder Zecken nicht ausgeschlossen. Im vorliegenden Fall erkrankten 2 Pferde nach einem Wanderrittaufenthalt in Südfrankreich an einer -Infektion. Während der Behandlung wurde bei einem der Pferde eine saugende Zecke () entdeckt. Auch wenn sich diese Zeckenart unter den derzeitigen Bedingungen in Deutschland nicht etablieren kann, verdeutlicht dieser Fund das Potenzial der Einschleppung infizierter Zecken. Die Therapie der Pferde erfolgte mit Imidocarb (3 mg/kg i. m.; 3 Behandlungen im Abstand von je 3 Tagen). Unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen wurden nicht beobachtet. Um eine Etablierung des Infektionszyklus in Deutschland sowie eine chronische Manifestation der Piroplasmose zu verhindern, sollte trotz möglicher Nebenwirkungen von Imidocarb eine Erregerelimination angestrebt werden.
Publication Date: 2020-04-23 PubMed ID: 32325501DOI: 10.1055/a-1110-2998Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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This study discusses how two horses in Germany were infected with a disease called equine piroplasmosis after spending some time for a trail ride in southern France. The disease is caused by a protozoan pathogen, Theileria equi, and is commonly found in tropical regions, including Southern Europe. Despite the disease not being indigenous to Germany, its transmission through ticks raises concern for a potential introduction of the disease into the country.

Equine Piroplasmosis and its Prevalence

  • The focus of this research is equine piroplasmosis, a disease brought about by protozoan pathogens Theileria equi or Babesia caballi.
  • The study specifies that the disease is endemic in tropical and subtropical parts of the world, specifically mentioning Southern Europe as one of these regions. In Germany, the disease is mainly considered imported parasitosis.
  • The presence of ticks in Germany that are known vectors for equine piroplasms, though still raises concerns about the potential for the pathogens to establish themselves in the country over a long period.

The Infection Case

  • In the study, two horses that returned from a trail ride in Southern France developed clinical signs of Theileria equi infection.
  • During the course of treatment, a feeding tick that was identified as a Rhipicephalus specimen was found on one of the horses. Despite the current climatic conditions in Germany not being conducive for this tick species, it demonstrates the potential risk of bringing infected ticks into the country.

Interventions and Prevention

  • The two infected horses were treated with the drug imidocarb, administered at a dose of 3mg/kg intramuscularly, with three treatments over three-day intervals.
  • The horses did not exhibit any adverse effects from the treatment, leading the researchers to recommend that despite any potential adverse effects, treatment that aims at eliminating the parasites should be administered to prevent the establishment of an autochthonous infection cycle in Germany and prevent chronic manifestations of piroplasmosis.

Cite This Article

APA
Springer A, Ehrmann C, Lembcke M, Roscher K, Strube C. (2020). [Theileria equi-infection in 2 German horses returning from a trail ride in southern France]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere, 48(2), 124-129. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1110-2998

Publication

ISSN: 2567-5834
NlmUniqueID: 9715779
Country: Germany
Language: ger
Volume: 48
Issue: 2
Pages: 124-129

Researcher Affiliations

Springer, Andrea
  • Institut für Parasitologie, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover.
Ehrmann, Carolin
  • Klinik für Pferde, Innere Medizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen.
Lembcke, Marion
  • Klinik für Pferde, Innere Medizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen.
Roscher, Katja
  • Klinik für Pferde, Innere Medizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen.
Strube, Christina
  • Institut für Parasitologie, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Antiprotozoal Agents / therapeutic use
  • Arachnid Vectors / classification
  • Female
  • France
  • Germany
  • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
  • Horse Diseases / etiology
  • Horse Diseases / parasitology
  • Horse Diseases / therapy
  • Horses
  • Imidocarb / therapeutic use
  • Male
  • Rhipicephalus / classification
  • Theileria / classification
  • Theileria / genetics
  • Theileriasis / diagnosis
  • Theileriasis / etiology
  • Theileriasis / therapy
  • Travel

Conflict of Interest Statement

Die Autoren bestätigen, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Bajer A, Beck A, Beck R, Behnke JM, Dwużnik-Szarek D, Eichenberger RM, Farkas R, Fuehrer HP, Heddergott M, Jokelainen P, Leschnik M, Oborina V, Paulauskas A, Radzijevskaja J, Ranka R, Schnyder M, Springer A, Strube C, Tolkacz K, Walochnik J. Babesiosis in Southeastern, Central and Northeastern Europe: An Emerging and Re-Emerging Tick-Borne Disease of Humans and Animals. Microorganisms 2022 Apr 30;10(5).
  2. Axt CW, Springer A, von Luckner J, Naucke TJ, Müller E, Strube C, Schäfer I. [Equine piroplasmosis: Case descriptions and overview of the epidemiological situation in Europe with focus on Germany]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2025 Feb;53(1):49-58.
    doi: 10.1055/a-2457-5516pubmed: 39631762google scholar: lookup
  3. Axt CW, Springer A, Strube C, Jung C, Naucke TJ, Müller E, Schäfer I. Molecular and Serological Detection of Vector-Borne Pathogens Responsible for Equine Piroplasmosis in Europe between 2008 and 2021. Microorganisms 2024 Apr 17;12(4).