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Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe G, Grosstiere/Nutztiere2021; 49(2); 139-144; doi: 10.1055/a-1395-6307

[Therapy of bullous pemphigoid in a Warmblood gelding].

Abstract: A 15-year-old Warmblood gelding was presented with multiple large, ulcerative, and crusty dermal lesions that had been existing for 4 years. Histopathology of a skin biopsy revealed cleft formation at the dermal-epidermal junction beneath the basal cells and above the basement membrane leading to the diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid. Immunosuppressive therapy with dexamethasone and azathioprine was initiated and after 14 weeks full remission of the ulcers was achieved. Scar tissue formation was evident in the areas of the formerly affected lesions. Following medication tapering over a period of 5 months, long-term therapy was continued with a maintenance dose of 0.5 mg/kg azathioprine daily. The ulcerative lesions recurred after 63 weeks of disease stabilization. Additionally, adverse drug reactions (acute laminitis and increased susceptibility to infections) were evident and the gelding was euthanized due to animal welfare considerations. Ein 15-jähriger Warmblutwallach wurde wegen multipler großflächiger, ulzerativer und krustiger Hautveränderungen vorgestellt, die seit 4 Jahren bestanden. Anhand der histologischen Untersuchung von Hautbioptaten wurde eine subepidermale Spaltbildung unterhalb der Basalzellen und oberhalb der Basalmembran festgestellt und ein bullöses Pemphigoid diagnostiziert. Durch eine immunsuppressive Therapie mit Dexamethason und Azathioprin konnte nach 14 Wochen eine vollständige Remission der Hautläsionen erreicht werden, wobei die betroffenen Hautareale durch Narbengewebe ersetzt wurden. Die Dauertherapie wurde nach schrittweiser Dosisreduktion über 5 Monate mit einer Erhaltungsdosis von 0,5 mg/kg Azathioprin täglich fortgesetzt. Nach 63 Wochen erfolgreicher Stabilisierung kam es zu einem Rezidiv sowie zusätzlich zu unerwünschten Arzneimittelnebenwirkungen (akute Hufrehe und erhöhte Infektanfälligkeit), sodass der Wallach aus Tierschutzgründen euthanasiert wurde.
Publication Date: 2021-04-26 PubMed ID: 33902144DOI: 10.1055/a-1395-6307Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

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This research describes the case of a 15-year-old Warmblood gelding presenting with a rare skin condition, bullous pemphigoid, and its journey through diagnosis and treatment, which involved immunosuppressive drugs. However, adverse drug reactions and disease recurrence led to euthanasia for animal welfare.

Case Presentation

  • The study revolves around a 15-year-old Warmblood gelding that was suffering from large, ulcerative, and crusty skin lesions for about 4 years.
  • The diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid, a rare autoimmune blistering disorder, was confirmed based on the histopathology of a skin biopsy. Dermal-epidermal junction cleft formation was observed beneath the basal cells and above the basement membrane, pointing to this rare diagnosis.

Treatment and Results

  • An immunosuppressive therapy composed of dexamethasone and azathioprine was initiated as a treatment course after diagnosis.
  • Following 14 weeks of therapy, full remission of the ulcerative skin lesions was achieved, marked by scar tissue formation in the areas where the lesions previously existed.
  • The medication was then tapered off over a period of 5 months, being replaced with a maintenance dose of 0.5 mg/kg azathioprine administered daily.

Reappearance of Lesions and Adverse Drug Reactions

  • Despite an initially successful stabilization, the ulcerative lesions recurred after 63 weeks of maintaining the disease.
  • Along with the recurrence of the disease, the gelding also showed adverse drug reactions. These included acute laminitis (a painful condition affecting the hooves in horses) and an increased susceptibility to infections.
  • Due to these complications and considering the welfare of the animal, the decision was made to euthanize the gelding.

Cite This Article

APA
Ehrmann C, Hartung S, Hirz M, Fey K. (2021). [Therapy of bullous pemphigoid in a Warmblood gelding]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere, 49(2), 139-144. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1395-6307

Publication

ISSN: 2567-5834
NlmUniqueID: 9715779
Country: Germany
Language: ger
Volume: 49
Issue: 2
Pages: 139-144

Researcher Affiliations

Ehrmann, Carolin
  • Klinik für Pferde, Innere Medizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen.
Hartung, Svenja
  • Institut für Veterinär-Pathologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen.
Hirz, Manuela
  • Institut für Veterinär-Pathologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen.
Fey, Kerstin
  • Klinik für Pferde, Innere Medizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Horse Diseases / diagnosis
  • Horse Diseases / drug therapy
  • Horses
  • Male
  • Pemphigoid, Bullous / diagnosis
  • Pemphigoid, Bullous / drug therapy
  • Pemphigoid, Bullous / veterinary
  • Skin

Conflict of Interest Statement

Die Autoren bestätigen, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Bizikova P, Olivry T, Linder K, Rybnicek J. Spontaneous autoimmune subepidermal blistering diseases in animals: a comprehensive review. BMC Vet Res 2023 Feb 27;19(1):55.
    doi: 10.1186/s12917-023-03597-1pubmed: 36849885google scholar: lookup