Thermotolerance and multidrug resistance in bacteria isolated from equids and their environment.
Abstract: Sixty-nine vaginal swabs and 138 rectal swabs collected from 195 equids were analysed for the presence of thermotolerant bacteria, that is, bacteria surviving at 60+/-0.1 degrees C for one hour. Thermotolerant Escherichia coli, Enterobacter species, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus species and Pseudomonas species were isolated from 41, 16, nine, three and three of the 138 rectal swabs, respectively; seven of the E coli and two of the Enterobacter species isolates survived pasteurisation at 63.8+/-0.1 degrees C for 30 minutes. All except three E coli, two Enterobacter species and one Proteus species isolate were resistant to three or more antimicrobial drugs, that is, they were multidrug resistant. Thermotolerant E coli, Enterobacter species and Proteus species were isolated from 11, two and two of the 69 vaginal swabs, respectively, but only one isolate of E coli survived pasteurisation at 63.8+/-0.1 degrees C for 30 minutes. All except two of the E coli isolates were multidrug resistant. None of the four thermotolerant isolates from nine soil samples collected on four of the farms where the equids were kept was pasteurisation resistant, but they were all multidrug resistant. Of the 10 pasteurisation-resistant isolates, nine were multidrug resistant but none was resistant to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, cotrimazine, cotrimoxazole or streptomycin. All the isolates grew at 42+/-0.1 degrees C but none grew at 46+/-0.1 degrees C or above. The Enterobacter isolates were more tolerant to pasteurisation than the E coli isolates, particularly during the first few minutes of exposure.
Publication Date: 2009-06-16 PubMed ID: 19525523DOI: 10.1136/vr.164.24.746Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The study investigates the presence of thermotolerant and multidrug-resistant bacteria in equids (horses, donkeys, and zebras) and their environment, finding a significant prevalence of such bacteria in this population.
Sample Collection and Analysis
- The study collected and analyzed both vaginal and rectal swabs from nearly 200 equids. Also, soil samples were gathered from four farms where these animals were kept.
- The main criterion for the study was the ability of bacterial strains to survive at 60+/-0.1 degrees C for one hour, a condition defined as thermotolerance.
Findings from Rectal Swabs
- From the rectal swabs, various thermotolerant bacteria were identified, including Escherichia coli (E. coli), Enterobacter species, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus species, and Pseudomonas species.
- Some isolates of E. coli and Enterobacter species showed an even higher resilience, surviving the process of pasteurization.
- Most of the isolates were resistant to three or more antimicrobial drugs, thus showing multidrug resistance.
Findings from Vaginal Swabs
- Vaginal swabs yielded fewer bacterial isolates, but still included thermotolerant and multidrug-resistant strains of E. coli, Enterobacter species, and Proteus species.
- Only one isolate of E. coli from these samples was pasteurization-resistant.
Findings from Soil Samples
- Even soil samples harbored thermotolerant and multidrug-resistant bacteria, but none of these isolates were resistant to pasteurization.
General Observations
- The research noticed that none of the pasteurization-resistant isolates was resistant to certain drugs like chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, cotrimazine, cotrimoxazole, or streptomycin.
- All bacterial isolates could grow at 42+/-0.1 degrees C but failed to grow at higher temperatures, providing further insights into the thermotolerance threshold of different bacterial species.
- The study emphasizes that Enterobacter isolates were generally more resistant to pasteurization than the E. coli isolates.
This research reveals a concerning presence of thermotolerant and multidrug-resistant bacteria among equids and their environment. Such findings indicate the possible health risks and the potential for disease transmission, emphasizing the need for careful management and treatment approaches.
Cite This Article
APA
Singh BR.
(2009).
Thermotolerance and multidrug resistance in bacteria isolated from equids and their environment.
Vet Rec, 164(24), 746-750.
https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.164.24.746 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, Haryana 125 001, India. brs1762@yahoo.co.in
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
- Bacteria / drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
- Horses / microbiology
- Hot Temperature
- Housing, Animal
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Zhao J, Shakir Y, Deng Y, Zhang Y. Use of modified ichip for the cultivation of thermo-tolerant microorganisms from the hot spring. BMC Microbiol 2023 Mar 3;23(1):56.
- Liu Y, Duan H, Yang L, Chen H, Wu R, Li Y, Zhu Y, Li J. Antimicrobial Resistance Profiling of Pathogens from Cooked Donkey Meat Products in Beijing Area in One Health Context. Vet Sci 2024 Dec 12;11(12).
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